Ecological niche differentiation of polyploidization is not supported by environmental differences among species in a cosmopolitan grass genus

Visser, Vernon; Molofsky, Jane

doi:10.3732/ajb.1400432

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(139 reference statements)

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“…In contrast, no differences in mean range breadth were observed between diploid and polyploid congeners in a sample from diploid and polyploid species of North American angiosperms (Martin and Husband, ). In a study of the genus Phalaris , there was no general support for broader niche breadths of polyploids (Visser and Molofsky, ), and in Primula , climatic niches of polyploid species were narrower than those of diploid species (Theodoridis et al., ). In the Potentilleae tribe of the Rosaceae, transitions to higher ploidy are actually associated with reduced range size and abiotic breadth (Brittingham et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological niche differences between two polyploid cytotypes ofSaxifraga rosacea

Decanter

Colling

Elvinger

et al. 2020

American J of Botany

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Premise Different cytotypes of a species may differ in their morphology, phenology, physiology, and their tolerance of extreme environments. We studied the ecological niches of two subspecies of Saxifraga rosacea with different ploidy levels: the hexaploid Central European endemic subspecies sponhemica and the more widely distributed octoploid subspecies rosacea. Methods For both cytotypes, we recorded local environmental conditions and mean plant trait values in populations across their areas of distribution, analyzed their distributions by niche modeling, studied their performance at two transplant sites with contrasting conditions, and experimentally tested their cold resistance. Results Mean annual temperature was higher in hexaploid than in octoploid populations and experiments indicated that frost tolerance of the hexaploid is lower than that of the octoploid. Reproduction of octoploids from Central Europe was higher than that of hexaploids at a transplant site in subarctic Iceland, whereas the opposite was true in temperate Luxembourg, indicating adaptation of the octoploids to colder conditions. Temperature variables were also most important in niche models predicting the distribution of the two cytotypes. Genetic differences in survival among populations were larger for the octoploids than for the hexaploids in both field gardens, suggesting that greater genetic variability may contribute to the octoploid's larger distributional range. Conclusions Our results support the hypotheses that different cytotypes may have different niches leading to spatial segregation, and that higher ploidy levels can result in a broader ecological niche and greater tolerance of more extreme conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological niche differences between two polyploid cytotypes ofSaxifraga rosacea

Decanter

Colling

Elvinger

et al. 2020

American J of Botany

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“…In all other cases there is some, although partly weak evidence for ecological and /or geographical displacement of the allopolyploid hybrid species from their diploid progenitors (Achillea alpina L., A. wilsoniana (Heimerl) Hand.-Mazz., Cardamine flexuosa With., Mimulus nasutus-like). These findings, based on comparisons of polyploid hybrid species and their parent species, were neither reported in broader surveys of the relative distribution and ecology of diploid and polyploid congeners (Martin & Husband, 2009;Glennon & al., 2014) nor generally supported in a comparison of diploid and polyploid species of Phalaris L. (Visser & Molofsky, 2015).…”

Section: Polyploid Hybrid Speciationmentioning

confidence: 94%

The geography of hybrid speciation in plants

Kadereit

2015

TAXON

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Both homoploid and polyploid hybrid speciation are commonly considered straightforward examples of sympatric speciation. Based on 28 studies of homoploid and 34 studies of polyploid hybrid species I conclude that lati‐ / longitudinal and/or altitudinal ecogeographical displacement of hybrid lineages from parental lineages has been observed in the majority of cases examined, although more commonly in homoploid than in polyploid hybrid species. This ecogeographical displacement is interpreted as the result of evolutionary novelty in hybrid lineages. As the geographical scale of ecogeographical displacement in relation to gene flow distances may not be large enough to prevent gene flow at the time of initial hybrid formation, I hypothesize that climate‐induced changes of distribution ranges may have played a large role in hybrid species formation. In particular, I hypothesize that hybrid lineages initially remain in the secondary contact area of their parental lineages, whereas the parental lineages, responding to climate change, track their niches and withdraw from this contact area. This results in geographical isolation. I conclude that assessment of hybrid speciation as sympatric may be inappropriate in many cases, and that instead a phase of geographical displacement of hybrid and parental lineages into para‐ / allopatry may often be required.

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“…Despite several decades of studies and recent attempts to unify theoretical frameworks (Parisod & Broennimann, 2016), niche evolution in polyploids remains controversial, and evidence for several alternative patterns has been found (Glennon et al, 2014;Visser & Molofsky, 2015;Marchant et al, 2016). Niche expansion in neopolyploids may be helped by the lack of selective constraints on duplicate genes and other novel genetic changes that allow the evolution of new functions (Doyle et al, 2008;Leitch & Leitch, 2008;Wendel, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Niche divergence and limits to expansion in the high polyploid Dianthus broteri complex

2019

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Summary Niche evolution in plant polyploids remains controversial and evidence for alternative patterns has been reported. Using the autopolyploid Dianthus broteri complex (2×, 4×, 6× and 12×) as a model, we aimed to integrate three scenarios – competitive exclusion, recurrent origins of cytotypes and niche filling – into a single framework of polyploid niche evolution. We hypothesized that high polyploids would tend to evolve towards extreme niches when low ploidy cytotypes have nearly filled the niche space. We used several ecoinformatics and phylogenetic comparative analyses to quantify differences in the ecological niche of each cytotype and to evaluate alternative models of niche evolution. Each cytotype in this complex occupied a distinct ecological niche. The distributions were mainly constrained by soil characteristics, temperature and drought stress imposed by the Mediterranean climate. Tetraploids had the highest niche breadth and overlap due to their multiple origins, whereas the higher ploidy cytotypes were found in different, restricted, nonoverlapping niches. Niche evolution analyses suggested a scenario with one niche optimum for each ploidy, including the two independent tetraploid lineages. Our results suggest that the fate of nascent polyploids could not be predicted without accounting for phylogenetic relatedness, recurrent origins or the niche occupied by ancestors.

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Ecological niche differentiation of polyploidization is not supported by environmental differences among species in a cosmopolitan grass genus

Cited by 21 publications

References 90 publications

Ecological niche differences between two polyploid cytotypes ofSaxifraga rosacea

Ecological niche differences between two polyploid cytotypes ofSaxifraga rosacea

The geography of hybrid speciation in plants

Niche divergence and limits to expansion in the high polyploid Dianthus broteri complex

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