Ecological niches and blood sources of sand fly in an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan, China

Chen, Huiying; Li, Kaili; Shi, Hua; Yong, Zhang; Ha, Yu; Wang, Yan; Jiang, Jinjin; Wang, Yubin; Zhen-zhou, Yang; Xu, Jianchu; Ma, Yajun

doi:10.1186/s40249-016-0126-9

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The results showed that the chickens and humans were the most common blood sources of sand ies in the extension region of the Loess Plateau, China, while dogs, goats, cattle and pigs were also blood sources. In Jiuzhaigou Sichuan, China, swine was the dominant blood source of sand ies, followed by chickens and dogs [22]. The results do not support the generally accepted opinion that humans and dogs are preferred feeding host of Ph.…”

Section: Comprehensive Detections From Yangquanmentioning

confidence: 63%

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Investigation of Leishmania infection and blood sources analysis in Phlebotomus chinensis (Diptera: Psychodidae) along extension region of the Loess Plateau, China

Chen¹,

Tao²,

Gao³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was one of the most important parasitic diseases in China, caused by Leishmania protozoans and transmitted by sand flies. Recently VL cases have reappeared in China, including the extension region of the Loess Plateau . The purpose of this study was trying to reveal the reason of reappearance to the developing the prevention and control measures. Methods Sand flies were collected by light traps from rural areas in Shanxian, Henan, China in 2015, as well as in Wuxiang and Yangquan, Shanxi, China in 2017. The blood sources of sand flies were analyzed by PCR detecting the host-specific mitochondrial cytochrome b (mtDNA Cyt b ) gene fragments. Leishmania infection in sand flies was detected by amplifying and sequencing ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 1 ( ITS1 ). The Leishmania specific antibodies in the sera of local dogs were detected by ELISA kit. Results Blood sources showed diversity in the extension region of the Loess Plateau, including human, chicken, dog, cattle, pig and goat. Multiple blood sources within a sand fly were observed in samples from Yangquan (17/118, 14.4%) and Wuxiang (12/108, 11.1%). Leishmania DNA was detected in sand flies collected from Yangquan with minimum infection rate of 1.00%. The ITS1 sequences were conserved with the Leishmania donovani complex. The positive rate of Leishmania specific antibodies in dogs was 5.97%. Conclusion This study detected the blood sources and Leishmania parasites infection of sand flies by molecular methods in the extension region of Loess Plateau, China. A high epidemic risk of leishmaniasis is currently indicated by the results as the infection of Leishmania in sand flies, the extensive blood sources of sand flies including humans, and positive antibody of Leishmania in local dog sera. Given the recent increase of VL cases, asymptomatic patients, dogs and other potential infected animals should be screened and treated. Furthermore, the density of sand flies needs to be controlled and personal protection should be strengthened.

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Section: Comprehensive Detections From Yangquanmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…The individual samples include 118 from YQ and 108 from WX. The mtDNA cyt b fragments of different animals and human were ampli ed by PCR [19][20][21][22]. According to the main animal species in the collection site, PCR assay was developed with primers speci c to human, chicken, goat, pig, cattle and dog.…”

Section: Blood Sources Identi Cationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Leishmania infection and blood sources analysis in Phlebotomus chinensis (Diptera: Psychodidae) along extension region of the Loess Plateau, China

Chen¹,

Tao²,

Gao³

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…They take blood mostly from mammals [20,[30][31][32][33] and cold-blooded animals [21]. In Jiuzhaigou Sichuan, China, swine was the dominant blood source of sand ies, followed by chickens and dogs [22]. However, there has been no report concerning the blood sources of sand ies in extension region of the Loess Plateau, China.…”

Section: Comprehensive Results Of Yangquanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Leishmania infection and blood sources analysis in Phlebotomus chinensis (Diptera: Psychodidae) along extension region of the Loess Plateau, China

Chen¹,

Feng²,

Gao³

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

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BackgroundVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) was one of the most important parasitic diseases in China, caused by Leishmania protozoans and transmitted by sandflies. Recently VL cases have reappeared in China, including the extension region of the Loess Plateau. The purpose of this study was to detect the infection rate of Leishmania and analyze the blood sources of the sandflies vectors to guide the development of prevention and control measures. MethodsSandflies were collected by light traps from rural areas in Shanxian, Henan, China in 2015, as well as in Wuxiang and Yangquan, Shanxi, China in 2017. The blood sources of sandflies were analyzed by PCR detecting the host-specific mitochondrial cytochrome b (mtDNA Cyt b) gene fragments. Leishmania infection in sandflies was detected by amplifying and sequencing ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1). The Leishmania specific antibodies in the sera of local dogs were detected by ELISA. ResultsBlood sources showed diversity in the extension region of the Loess Plateau, including human, chicken, dog, cattle, pig and goat. Multiple blood sources within a sandfly individual were observed in samples from Yangquan (17/118, 14.4%) and Wuxiang (12/108, 11.1%). Leishmania DNA was detected in sandflies collected from Yangquan, of which 8.5% pooled and 1.9% individual samples were positive. The ITS1 sequences were conserved with the Leishmania donovani complex. The positive rate of Leishmania specific antibodies in dogs was 5.97%. ConclusionThis study detected the blood sources and Leishmania parasites infection of sandflies by molecular methods in the extension region of Loess Plateau, China. A high epidemic risk of leishmaniasis is currently indicated by the results as the infection of Leishmania in sandflies, the extensive blood sources of sandflies including humans, and positive antibody of Leishmania in local dog sera. Given the recent increase of VL cases, asymptomatic patients, dogs and other potential infected animals should be screened and treated. Furthermore, the density of sandflies needs to be controlled and personal protection should be strengthened.

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“…Various studies, notably from South America and Asia, report that pigs appear to be among the preferred hosts for certain sand fly species [77][78][79][80]. A study in China reported high numbers of engorged sand flies on pigs and hypothesized that soil enriched with organic matter in pig pens could be an appropriate substrate for their larval development [81]. However, it should be noted that all these studies concern exotic sand fly species that are absent from Europe.…”

Section: Phlebotominaementioning

confidence: 99%

Putative Role of Arthropod Vectors in African Swine Fever Virus Transmission in Relation to Their Bio-Ecological Properties

Bonnet

Bouhsira

Regge

et al. 2020

Viruses

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African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most important diseases in Suidae due to its significant health and socioeconomic consequences and represents a major threat to the European pig industry, especially in the absence of any available treatment or vaccine. In fact, with its high mortality rate and the subsequent trade restrictions imposed on affected countries, ASF can dramatically disrupt the pig industry in afflicted countries. In September 2018, ASF was unexpectedly identified in wild boars from southern Belgium in the province of Luxembourg, not far from the Franco-Belgian border. The French authorities rapidly commissioned an expert opinion on the risk of ASF introduction and dissemination into metropolitan France. In Europe, the main transmission routes of the virus comprise direct contact between infected and susceptible animals and indirect transmission through contaminated material or feed. However, the seasonality of the disease in some pig farms in Baltic countries, including outbreaks in farms with high biosecurity levels, have led to questions on the possible involvement of arthropods in the transmission of the virus. This review explores the current body of knowledge on the most common arthropod families present in metropolitan France. We examine their potential role in spreading ASF—by active biological or mechanical transmission or by passive transport or ingestion—in relation to their bio-ecological properties. It also highlights the existence of significant gaps in our knowledge on vector ecology in domestic and wild boar environments and in vector competence for ASFV transmission. Filling these gaps is essential to further understanding ASF transmission in order to thus implement appropriate management measures.

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Ecological niches and blood sources of sand fly in an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan, China

Cited by 11 publications

References 27 publications

Investigation of Leishmania infection and blood sources analysis in Phlebotomus chinensis (Diptera: Psychodidae) along extension region of the Loess Plateau, China

Investigation of Leishmania infection and blood sources analysis in Phlebotomus chinensis (Diptera: Psychodidae) along extension region of the Loess Plateau, China

Investigation of Leishmania infection and blood sources analysis in Phlebotomus chinensis (Diptera: Psychodidae) along extension region of the Loess Plateau, China

Putative Role of Arthropod Vectors in African Swine Fever Virus Transmission in Relation to Their Bio-Ecological Properties

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