Ecological Observations on Spawning and Early Larval Development in the Olympia Oyster (Ostrea Lurida)

Hopkins, A. E.

doi:10.2307/1932760

Cited by 53 publications

(107 citation statements)

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“…O. conchaphila is larviparous, nurturing embryos and early larval stages that develop in the mantle cavity of female individuals. This species also has a longer pelagic stage (3-8 weeks) and lower fecundity (250,000-300,000/single brood ;Hopkins 1936;Baker 1995;Brown et al 2004) than C. virginica. The Eastern oyster is oviparous, with females releasing 23-86 million eggs in a single spawn (Davis and Chanley 1956), and the duration between fertilization and settlement is only about 2 weeks (Langdon and Newell 1996).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in heat shock protein 70 expression during larval and early spat development in the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791)

Ueda

Boettcher

2009

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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For a variety of species, changes in the expression of heat shock proteins (HSP) have been linked to key developmental changes, i.e., gametogenesis, embryogenesis, and metamorphosis. Many marine invertebrates are known to have a biphasic life cycle where pelagic larvae go through settlement and metamorphosis as they transition to the benthic life stage. A series of experiments were run to examine the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) during larval and early spat (initial benthic phase) development in the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. In addition, the impact of thermal stress on HSP 70 expression during these early stages was studied. C. virginica larvae and spat expressed three HSP 70 isoforms, two constitutive, HSC 77 and HSC 72, and one inducible, HSP 69. We found differences in the expression of both the constitutive and inducible forms of HSP 70 among larval and early juvenile stages and in response to thermal stress. Low expression of HSP 69 during early larval and spat development may be associated with the susceptibility of these stages to environmental stress. Although developmental regulation of HSP 70 expression has been widely recognized, changes in its expression during settlement and metamorphosis of marine invertebrates are still unknown. The results of the current study demonstrated a reduction of HSP 70 expression during settlement and metamorphosis in the Eastern oyster, C. virginica. Keywords

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in heat shock protein 70 expression during larval and early spat development in the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791)

Ueda

Boettcher

2009

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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“…However, correlation between temperature change and spawning has been indicated in a number of species (148,155,156) . A change in tem perature, reaching a certain minimal temperature, has been considered necessary for spawning of some species of oyster (17,19,84). Loosanoff & Davis (1 39), on the other hand, showed that gametogenesis in the American oyster, C. virginica, did not occur below 10°C.…”

Section: Induction Of Spawning In Marine Invertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Physiology: Annual Reproductive Cycles of Marine Invertebrates

Giese¹

1959

Annu. Rev. Physiol.

393

166

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Interest in the study of the physiology of reproduction is of relatively recent date and has developed largely in the last forty years. Interest in the physiology of reproduction of the invertebrates is of even more recent date. In fact, the most complete and up-to-date compendium of compara tive animal physiology (1) omits the subject entirely. Yet it is known that in the invertebrate world exists a diversity of modes of reproduction from primitive to highly evolved, asexual3 as well as sexual (2,3,125,126). Here is to be seen, so to speak, the evolution of the animal reproductive process, a procession of nature's fascinating experiments. Investigators have to some extent realized the opportunities for such studies, and many articles on the physiology of reproduction in invertebrates are widely scattered in the literature in a variety of journals. Neglect of discussion of the physiology of the reproductive processes of the invertebrates, then, has not been for lack of material but rather for lack of a synthesis of the existing literature.It would be impossible in a single brief review to cover completely the physiology of invertebrate reproduction, desirable as it might be. Rather, this review considers only the annual reproductive cycles of marine inver tebrates, with special emphasis on papers which include interesting view points, experimental approaches, or provocative material.A few general references which give considerable information on annual reproductive cycles of marine invertebrates are: the Handbook of Biological Data (4), in which is found a table containing breeding seasons and related data for invertebrates from various places; a book on methods for obtaining and handling marine eggs and embryos (5) of East Coast invertebrates (particularly for animals from the Woods Hole area); a paper (6) on New Zealand invertebrates; two books (7, 8) and several papers (9, 10) on West 1 The information in this article covers the literature as far back as seemed feasible to go and includes citations up to August, 1958. Wherever possible, reference is given to key review articles which give references to older literature. If important or inter esting work was omitted, it was unintentional.2 I am indebted to the staff of the Stanford Biological Libraries: Mr. F. Falconer, Chief Science Librarian, Miss Joanne Dandois, and Mr. Michael Sadoski without whose help it would have been impossible to make the extensive bibliographic search.3 Asexual reproduction occurs in many groups of animals, among them the Pro tozoa, Porifera, Coelenterata, Platyhelminthes, Rotifera, Tunicata, and certain Annelida (Polychaeta). These are dealt with in general works (2, 3) on the inverte brates. Considerable research on polychaetes is referred to by Durchon (123). Dode caceria, one of the most interesting of the polychaetes, has a remarkable capacity for asexual reproduction, and Martin's paper (125) and references cited by him should be consulted for information. 547 Annu. Rev. Physiol. 1959.21:547-576. Downloaded from www.annualrevie...

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“…The results of those investigations, in which plates at the same three orientations were exposed for only short periods, show very different patterns. Thus Schaefer (1937), Hopkins (1935Hopkins ( , 1937, Pomerat and Reiner (1£42), and Cole and Knight-Jones (1939) found predominantly under-surface settlement in Crassostrea gigas, C. virginica, Ostrea lurida, and O. edulis respectively, while Butler (1955) and Korringa (1941) found predominantly upper-surface settlement for C. virginica and O. edulis. All experiments showed little settlement on vertical plates.…”

Section: Period Of Settlementmentioning

confidence: 92%

An unexploited population of oysters,Ostrea lutariaHutton, from foveaux strait

Cranfield¹

1968

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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SUMMARYSettlement of Ostrea lutaria on sand-cement-plastered asbestos plates held in steel frames on the bottom of Foveaux Strait was studied from March 1965 to April 1967. Spat mortality over the period of plate exposure (about one month) was very low (maximum of 3 percent) and was greatest shortly after settlement. There was no evidence that mortality was due to predation. Essentially the same seasonal pattern of settlement was observed each year. Eighty to 90 percent of spat settled between mid December and mid February in both summers; settlement occurred as early as October; some was observed as late as July.Results of field experiments suggest some very tentative conclusions on the settlement behaviour of O. lutaria: (1) The larvae are benthopelagic and remain on the bottom in strong current conditions. (2) Light stimulates swimming of larvae in still water. (3) In still water and low light intensities of the area larvae tend to swim upward toward the light. (4) In still water and dim light of the area larvae settle predominantly on under surfaces. (5) In still water in the absence of light larvae settle predominantly on upper surfaces. (6) Under the conditions of current and light in the multiplate frames used to sample spatfall here, larvae settle mainly on upper surfaces. (7) Larvae tend to crawl up inclined surfaces before settling.The results indicate that larval behaviour may be changed by small alterations of light intensity and current. The contradictory nature of surface angle preferences found by other workers for various species of Ostrea and Crassostrea may have been due to such small variations caused by the experimental techniques. It is possible that the settlement behaviour of all species of these genera is similar.

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Ecological Observations on Spawning and Early Larval Development in the Olympia Oyster (Ostrea Lurida)

Cited by 53 publications

References 2 publications

Differences in heat shock protein 70 expression during larval and early spat development in the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791)

Differences in heat shock protein 70 expression during larval and early spat development in the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791)

Comparative Physiology: Annual Reproductive Cycles of Marine Invertebrates

An unexploited population of oysters,Ostrea lutariaHutton, from foveaux strait

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