Ecological perspective of disease‐resistance prevalence in Penaeus monodon

Abstract

The rapidly developing nature of many pathogens creates a severe threat to biodiversity. Highly contagious diseases often cause severe epizootics to the natural population and leading to the loss of ecological balance. Expeditious disseminating nature of infectious pathogens helps to understand the disease prevalence in a specific biogeographical region. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the most lethal, contagious, waterborne virus and responsible for the white spot disease (WSD) in penaeid shrimps. White spot disease resistance, a quantitative phenomenon and controlled by many genetic and ecological elements. Variation of quantitative WSSV prevalence is dependent on many environmental factors namely salinity, temperature, pH (Gao, Kong, Li, Xiao, & Meng, 2011), and storms, rain, seasonal variation of tidal currents and fluctuation of seawater (Iqbal, Kabir, Alan, Mamun, & Hossain, 2011). Previously, Mandal et al. (2012) reported that oceanic current patterns might have an effect on population structure. WSSV-susceptibility or WSSVresistance is controlled by climatic conditions and depends on the physical parameters as well as the surroundings' environment of water (Mondal, Dutta, Chakrabarty, Mallik, & Mandal, 2019). In this article, we represented an ecological perspective of the disease-resistance prevalence phenomenon in Penaeus monodon.

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) prevalence in wild crustaceans in the Bohai Sea

“…The prevalence of WSSV caused huge economic losses to the shrimp farming industry of the world. Moreover, in addition to farmed crustaceans, the presence of WSSV in wild shrimps had also been reported by different researchers (Hossain et al, 2001;Jang et al,2009;Marques et al,2011;Soo-Jung et al, 2010;Gholamhosseini et al, 2020;Mondal & Mandal, 2020). However, there have been no systematic investigation on the prevalence of WSSV in marine ecosystems up to now.…”

Investigation of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in wild crustaceans in the Bohai Sea

“…The prevalence of WSSV caused huge economic losses to the shrimp farming industry of the world. Moreover, in addition to farmed crustaceans, the presence of WSSV in wild shrimps had also been reported by different researchers (Hossain et al, 2001;Jang et al,2009;Marques et al,2011;Soo-Jung et al, 2010;Gholamhosseini et al, 2020;Mondal & Mandal, 2020). However, there have been no systematic investigation on the prevalence of WSSV in marine ecosystems up to now.…”

Towards a ‘systems’ approach for viral challenge experiments in shrimp: Reporting guidelines for publication

“…Genetic variation and pathogen pre‐exposure are critical factors that may influence disease susceptibility and should be evaluated when considering the relevance of PCE findings to other shrimp stocks. Genetic variation between shrimp may arise naturally, for example, through random mutation or local adaption of geographically distanced stocks, 83,84 or anthropogenically through the course of domestication and selective breeding 85,86 . Genetic variation associated with increased pathogen resistance and tolerance has been identified and targeted in studies for application in selective breeding programs to yield more robust production stocks 32,85,87–91 .…”