Ecological Plasticity and Stability of Winter Wheat Varieties in the Conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine (Part 1 – Years With Sufficient Moisture)

Abstract

The purpose of our research was to study and analyze the environmental stability and adaptability to different environments of winter wheat varieties selected by the Institute of Climate-oriented Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences and the Selection and Genetic Institute of the National Center for Seed Science and Varietal Research of the National Academy of Sciences in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. Research materials and methods. The reaction of 18 varieties of winter wheat to different growing conditions was studied at the Askania State Agricultural Research Station in the village of Tavrychanka, Kherson region (46°33’12”N; 33°49’13”E; 39 m above sea level) during 2015/16–2019/20. Research was conducted under different conditions of irrigation: with irrigation and without irrigation. Analysis of environmental stability and adaptability to different environments of winter wheat varieties was carried out using various parameters. Research results and their discussion. The obtained experimental data made it possible to single out the varieties of winter wheat with the highest productivity in terms of maximum productivity – Burhunka – 8.46 t/ha, Tradytsiia odes’ka – 8.32 and Schedrist’ odes’ka – 8.58 t/ ha, in terms of minimum productivity – Koshova – 7.14 t/ha, Khersons’ka bezosta – 7.00, Lira odes’ka – 7.24 t/ha and Tradytsiia odes’ka – 7.05 t/ha. According to the parameters of adaptability, the Harantiia odes’ka variety was selected as the most stable, while the Schedrist’ odes’ka was selected as an intensive type variety. According to the correlation analysis, the parameters of adaptability were selected: the level of resistance to stressful conditions (RS), the regression coefficient (bi), the variance of the deviation from the regression line (s2 di), the sign of the stability of the genotype reaction (σ2 SACi), the compensation coefficient (Kgi), the relative stability of the genotype (sgi) , the selection value of the genotype (SVGi), the selection value of the variety (Sc) by which the type of variety can be most clearly characterized. Conclusions. According to them and the biplot analysis, the isolated parameters of adaptability were selected as the most stable varieties Koshova, Khersons’ka bezosta, Harantiia odes’ka and Lira odes’ka, instead Schedrist’ odes’ka and Burhunka were selected as intensive type varieties.