Ecological restoration in urban environments in New Zealand

Clarkson, Bruce D.; Kirby, Catherine Louise

doi:10.1111/emr.12229

Cited by 50 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Indeed, a few successful reintroductions of threatened species have already occurred in urban environments; for example, at least nine animal species have been reintroduced into urban areas in which they had been previously locally extinct (Martell, Englund, & Tordoff, 2002; Recio, Payne, & Seddon, 2016; van Heezik & Seddon, 2018). Similarly, plant species and communities may be brought back into urban environments through restoration and rehabilitation approaches (McDonald, Gann, Jonson, & Dixon, 2016); for example, as many as 38 projects have been implemented across 20 cities in New Zealand with the objective of restoring vegetation cover by planting or reintroducing indigenous plant species (Clarkson & Bylsma, 2016; Clarkson & Kirby, 2016). Another exciting opportunity to bring locally extinct species back into cities is the potential spillover effects of reintroduction actions conducted within predator‐free, fenced urban ecosanctuaries such as Zealandia in Wellington, New Zealand and Mulligans Flat in Canberra, Australia.…”

Section: Unlocking the Potential Of Actions To Bring Nature Back Intomentioning

confidence: 99%

Bringing nature back into cities

et al. 2020

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1. Protecting nature is a fundamental aspect of local and Indigenous cultures that has more recently become an urban sustainability goal. The benefits provided by nature to people and other species have sparked an upsurge in research exploring how best to manage existing nature in urban environments. Here we expand this focus by drawing attention to an emerging pathway of research and practice that is engaged with the idea of bringing nature back into cities (BNB).2. We argue that BNB could be a vital force of the 21st century urban-sustainability agenda. However, the enthusiasm of practitioners and policymakers for incorporating BNB objectives into local and global strategies remains uneven. As interdisciplinary scholars involved with the theory and practice of caring for urban nature, we believe that the time is ripe to present a fresh perspective on seven key areas that can unlock the potential of actions to bring nature back into cities.3. Specifically, we: (a) argue that the sovereignty of local and Indigenous knowledgesystems be acknowledged and respected; (b) contend that the choice of bringing nature back actions should be driven by inclusive decision-making; (c) discuss advances in ecology that need to be addressed to facilitate the return of nature into cities; (d) outline how the diffusion of innovation theory may assist communication of BNB actions to stakeholders; (e) discuss how built-environment professionals can demonstrate the value of urban infrastructure for BNB; (f) call for longitudinal research to understand, quantify and qualify the benefits of BNB actions and (g) consider solutions needed to address concerns about potential risks and disservices associated with actions to bring nature back into urban environments.4. Taken together, these perspectives, and the transdisciplinary framework that emerges from them, embody theoretical innovation regarding how to bring nature back into cities and a holistic view of how to make this happen in practice. Bringing nature back into cities has the potential to become an environmentally just and culturally inclusive dimension of the 21st urban sustainability agenda upon which future generations of city-dwellers rely. | 351People and Nature MATA eT Al.

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Section: Unlocking the Potential Of Actions To Bring Nature Back Intomentioning

confidence: 99%

Bringing nature back into cities

et al. 2020

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“…Norton et al (2013) identified and related the myriad threats posed by agriculture at the ecosystem level, and various particular technologies to counter those threats beyond simply removing invasive species have been improvised and testedfor example, leaf litter additions through enhanced riparian cover in agricultural catchments (O'Brien et al 2017). Another New Zealand restoration focus has been restoring badly damaged urban ecosystems, a well-known long-term project led by Bruce Clarkson (Clarkson and Kirby 2016;Wallace and Clarkson 2019). An additional focus has been restoration of New Zealand's wetlands and peatlands, an enterprise headed by Beverley Clarkson (e.g., Clarkson et al 2017).…”

Section: Ecological Restoration Beyond Removing Invasive Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Zealand as a leader in conservation practice and invasion management

Simberloff

2019

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand

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New Zealand has played a prominent role in conservation and especially in invasion management. The plethora of 19 th century animal and plant invasions led to much research, beginning in the early 20 th century, on their impacts and how to counteract them. New Zealand particularly became a leader in control and eradication of mammals and in biological control of pestiferous insects and plants. By hosting international conferences on eradicating invasions, and by mounting ambitious, inspirational projects with innovative technologies, New Zealand further increased its influence in this area. The nation has also inspired the world with vigorous, innovative attempts to rescue endemic animal species on the brink of extinction. An impressive New Zealand programme of reserves for conservation of marine species and ecosystems is threatened by the fact that conservation goals and those of commerce and recreation can never fully align. As in other nations with globally important biodiversity, New Zealand has seen disputes between its native inhabitants and European colonists and their descendants over conservation and customary use of this resource. Recognition of a rightful Māori role in these matters, both in the Treaty of Waitangi and recently, greatly surpasses deference given elsewhere to native peoples on related issues, but implementing this role remains challenging.

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“…Most major cities now have fenced wildlife sanctuaries, predator control programmes, and revegetation initiatives, often with a clear intent to restore indigenous plant communities that were once present (Clarkson and Kirby 2016). They have succeeded as restoration sites and also as important tourist destinations.…”

Section: Cities Lead the Way In Ecological Restorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

One ecosystem, one national park: a new vision for biodiversity conservation in New Zealand

Daugherty¹,

Towns

2019

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand

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The first New Zealand National Park was a gift from Māori, but subsequent management of National Parks has largely reflected a utilitarian European perspective. The Te Awa Tupua (Whanganui River Claims Settlement) Act 2017 confers 'legal personality' on the entire Whanganui River catchment, recognising it as a 'living whole' that 'supports and sustains' the people. The Act is founded on holistic and long-term values shared by Māori and ecological science. During the three decades since the founding of the Department of Conservation in 1987, three major transformations in environmental thinking and practice are founded in similar values: (1) increased respect for nature as a community to which people belong; (2) cities as a major focus for ecological restoration; and (3) rapidly growing scale in landscape restoration. We build on these values and developments to propose the concept of National Park Aotearoa, a whole-of-nation vision for bicultural ecological restoration.

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Ecological restoration in urban environments in New Zealand

Cited by 50 publications

References 17 publications

Bringing nature back into cities

Bringing nature back into cities

New Zealand as a leader in conservation practice and invasion management

One ecosystem, one national park: a new vision for biodiversity conservation in New Zealand

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