Ecological risk assessment of atrazine in North American surface waters

Solomon, Keith R.; Baker, David B.; Richards, R. Peter; Dixon, Kenneth R.; Klaine, Stephen J.; Point, Thomas W. La; Kendall, Ronald J.; Weisskopf, Carol P.; Giddings, Jeffrey M.; Giesy, John P.; Hall, Lenwood W.; Williams, W. Marty

doi:10.1002/etc.2050

Cited by 257 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The herbicide atrazine is one of the most widely used herbicides in North America [14,51]. Little is known about how these antagonistic stressors interact to alter benthic (bottom-dwelling) algal structure and function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macromolecular Response of Individual Algal Cells to Nutrient and Atrazine Mixtures within Biofilms

Murdock

Wetzel

2011

Microb Ecol

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Pollutant effects on biofilm physiology are difficult to assess due to differential susceptibility of species and difficulty separating individual species for analysis. Also, measuring whole assemblage responses such as metabolism can mask species-specific responses, as some species may decrease and others increase metabolic activity. Physiological responses can add information to compositional data, and may be a more sensitive indicator of effect. It is difficult, however, to separate individual species for biochemical analyses. Agricultural runoff often contains multiple pollutants that may alter algal assemblages in receiving waters. It is unclear how mixtures containing potential algal growth stimulators and inhibitors (e.g., nutrients and herbicides) alter algal assemblage structure and function. In research presented here, algal biofilms were exposed to nutrients, atrazine, and their mixtures, and assemblage-level structural and functional changes were measured. Synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy (IMS) was used to isolate the biochemical changes within individual cells from a dominant species of a green alga (Mougeotia sp.), a diatom (Navicula sp.), and a cyanobacterium (Hapalosiphon sp.). At the assemblage level, mixtures generally increased algal biovolume, decreased chlorophyll a, and had no effect on metabolism or ammonium uptake. Navicula had a strong negative response to atrazine initially, but later was more affected by nutrients. Hapalosiphon responded positively to both atrazine and nutrients, and Mougeotia did not exhibit any biochemical trends. Generally, biochemical changes in each species were similar to cells experiencing low stress conditions, with increased relative protein and decreased relative lipid. IMS provided direct evidence that individual species in a natural biofilm can have unique responses to atrazine, nutrients, and mixtures. Results suggest that the initial benthic community composition should have a strong influence on the overall impact of agricultural pollutants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macromolecular Response of Individual Algal Cells to Nutrient and Atrazine Mixtures within Biofilms

Murdock

Wetzel

2011

Microb Ecol

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“…As methods for undertaking catchment-based ERAs mature, characterizing uncertainties in both exposure and effects analyses, such as the potential for recovery, requires a more locally explicit understanding of environmental dynamics. In a large-scale ERA, Solomon et al (1996) considered the uncertainty (2011), it is likely that L. minor and L. gibba populations exposed to diuron would recover from the effects of a 90th centile 7-day pulse characterized to exceed the hazard concentration affecting 5 % of such species in an species sensitivity distribution (HC 5 ) (0.9 lg L -1 ), as well as the maximum measured (77.9 lg L -1 ) and predicted (38.5 lg L -1 ) concentrations. In both cases, concentrations of diuron are unlikely to be maintained for a full 7 days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Essentially, there is limited consideration of either resilience of, or recovery by, an affected population of organisms (McCahon and Pascoe 1990;Posthuma et al 2002;Reinert et al 2002;Cedergreen et al 2005). However, some regionally-focused ERA studies have incorporated these exposure profiles into their assessments (Solomon et al 1996). Inclusion of recovery in ERAs provides more insight to the extent of temporal and spatial impacts that could be observed in these types of systems when exposed to specific pesticides.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…recovery) once the exposure has ceased. Some ERAs have alluded to uncertainty in their risk estimates as a result of pulse exposure studies, indicating the reversibility of observed toxic effects caused by certain herbicides, especially for compounds that directly inhibit the photosystems, such as atrazine (Solomon et al 1996) or diuron. No previous studies have been found that characterize recovery of duckweed from a catchment-specific exposure event simulated in the laboratory to diuron.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Growth Recovery of Lemna gibba and Lemna minor Following a 7-Day Exposure to the Herbicide Diuron

Burns

Hanson

Prosser

et al. 2015

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

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In agricultural catchments, aquatic ecosystems can experience a pulse exposure to pesticides. Following such exposure, non-target organisms that are not extirpated may recover. This paper investigates the potential of two duckweed species (Lemna minor and Lemna gibba) to recover from a 7-day exposure to different concentrations (0.4-208 µg L(-1)) of the herbicide diuron. There was significant inhibition in the growth and biomass after the initial 7-day exposure (e.g. frond number EC50=59.2 and 52.2 µg L(-1) for L. minor and L. gibba, respectively). Following transfer to clean media, recovery (the highest concentration yielding no significant difference in the effect endpoint from the control) was observed for all effects endpoints at concentrations ranging 60-111 µg L(-1) for L. minor and 60-208 µg L(-1) for L. gibba. These results suggest that recovery is possible for primary producers at environmentally relevant concentrations considered significant in ecological risk assessment.

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“…However, environmental mixtures may also arise as a result of different chemicals applied to different targets (crops or animals) entering the water simultaneously. Other researchers have used geographic information system tools that integrate information on land use, crops, pesticide use, and other environmental data with exposure models to predict environmental exposure concentrations (Verro et al 2002) and combined them with ecological and ecotoxicological information to assess potential risks (Sala and Vighi 2008; Solomon et al 2013; Kapo et al 2014). de Zwart (2005) evaluated the spatiotemporally variable net risks posed by all pesticides used in The Netherlands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective aquatic risk assessment for chemical mixtures in agricultural landscapes

Holmes

Brown

Hamer

et al. 2018

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Environmental risk assessment of chemical mixtures is challenging because of the multitude of possible combinations that may occur. Aquatic risk from chemical mixtures in an agricultural landscape was evaluated prospectively in 2 exposure scenario case studies: at field scale for a program of 13 plant‐protection products applied annually for 20 yr and at a watershed scale for a mixed land‐use scenario over 30 yr with 12 plant‐protection products and 2 veterinary pharmaceuticals used for beef cattle. Risk quotients were calculated from regulatory exposure models with typical real‐world use patterns and regulatory acceptable concentrations for individual chemicals. The results could differentiate situations when there was concern associated with single chemicals from those when concern was associated with a mixture (based on concentration addition) with no single chemical triggering concern. Potential mixture risk was identified on 0.02 to 7.07% of the total days modeled, depending on the scenario, the taxa, and whether considering acute or chronic risk. Taxa at risk were influenced by receiving water body characteristics along with chemical use profiles and associated properties. The present study demonstrates that a scenario‐based approach can be used to determine whether mixtures of chemicals pose risks over and above any identified using existing approaches for single chemicals, how often and to what magnitude, and ultimately which mixtures (and dominant chemicals) cause greatest concern. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:674–689. © 2017 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.

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Ecological risk assessment of atrazine in North American surface waters

Cited by 257 publications

References 13 publications

Macromolecular Response of Individual Algal Cells to Nutrient and Atrazine Mixtures within Biofilms

Macromolecular Response of Individual Algal Cells to Nutrient and Atrazine Mixtures within Biofilms

Growth Recovery of Lemna gibba and Lemna minor Following a 7-Day Exposure to the Herbicide Diuron

Prospective aquatic risk assessment for chemical mixtures in agricultural landscapes

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