Ecological speciation in sympatric palms: 4. Demographic analyses support speciation of
            <i>Howea</i>
            in the face of high gene flow

Papadopulos, Alexander S. T.; Igea, Javier; Smith, Thomas P.; Hutton, I.; Baker, William J.; Butlin, Roger K.; Savolainen, Vincent

doi:10.1111/evo.13813

Cited by 16 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…To identify genomic islands with both high F ST and d XY , fastsimcoal2 was used to generate a null distribution of expected F ST and d XY values (i.e., without selection) that incorporated a demographic scenario (Papadopulos et al. ) and the position of markers in the genetic map. Under the best fitting fastsimcoal2 model (a model with initial strong gene flow followed by a reduced gene flow, model 5 in Papadopulos et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under the best fitting fastsimcoal2 model (a model with initial strong gene flow followed by a reduced gene flow, model 5 in Papadopulos et al. ; see Table for parameters), we simulated the same number of 190 bp DNA fragments as contained in the genetic map with the positions preserved by separating simulated loci by the same recombination distances as in the map (i.e., recombination rate between loci varied across the genome). Within fragments, recombination was fixed at the genome‐wide average (6.85 × 10 −9 base −1 generation −1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Papadopulos et al. , , , ). Here, we built a genetic map using a novel method applicable to long‐lived tree species, combining it with double digest restriction site–associated DNA (RAD) sequencing of multiple individuals, and we then examined the landscape of genomic differentiation that has arisen during and after speciation in Howea palms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…; Papadopulos et al. ). Indirect evidence of postzygotic isolation due to selection against juvenile hybrids supports the hypothesis that divergent selection has influenced the speciation process (Hipperson et al.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…; Coyne ; Papadopulos et al. , ). Furthermore, it has been hypothesized that the two Howea species diverged in sympatry as a result of ecological speciation facilitated by soil adaptation and a shift in flowering phenology (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ecological speciation in sympatric palms: 3. Genetic map reveals genomic islands underlying species divergence in Howea

et al. 2019

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Although it is now widely accepted that speciation can occur in the face of continuous gene flow, with little or no spatial separation, the mechanisms and genomic architectures that permit such divergence are still debated. Here, we examined speciation in the face of gene flow in the Howea palms of Lord Howe Island, Australia. We built a genetic map using a novel method applicable to long‐lived tree species, combining it with double digest restriction site–associated DNA sequencing of multiple individuals. Based upon various metrics, we detected 46 highly differentiated regions throughout the genome, four of which contained genes with functions that are particularly relevant to the speciation scenario for Howea, specifically salt and drought tolerance.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 97%

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confidence: 98%

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confidence: 99%

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Ecological speciation in sympatric palms: 3. Genetic map reveals genomic islands underlying species divergence in Howea

et al. 2019

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Courtship behavior, nesting microhabitat, and assortative mating in sympatric stickleback species pairs

Dean

Dunstan

Reddish

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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The maintenance of reproductive isolation in the face of gene flow is a particularly contentious topic, but differences in reproductive behavior may provide the key to explaining this phenomenon. However, we do not yet fully understand how behavior contributes to maintaining species boundaries. How important are behavioral differences during reproduction? To what extent does assortative mating maintain reproductive isolation in recently diverged populations and how important are “magic traits”? Assortative mating can arise as a by‐product of accumulated differences between divergent populations as well as an adaptive response to contact between those populations, but this is often overlooked. Here we address these questions using recently described species pairs of three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), from two separate locations and a phenotypically intermediate allopatric population on the island of North Uist, Scottish Western Isles. We identified stark differences in the preferred nesting substrate and courtship behavior of species pair males. We showed that all males selectively court females of their own ecotype and all females prefer males of the same ecotype, regardless of whether they are from species pairs or allopatric populations. We also showed that mate choice does not appear to be driven by body size differences (a potential “magic trait”). By explicitly comparing the strength of these mating preferences between species pairs and single‐ecotype locations, we were able to show that present levels of assortative mating due to direct mate choice are likely a by‐product of other adaptations between ecotypes, and not subject to obvious selection in species pairs. Our results suggest that ecological divergence in mating characteristics, particularly nesting microhabitat may be more important than direct mate choice in maintaining reproductive isolation in stickleback species pairs.

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Speciation with gene flow between two Neotropical sympatric species (Pitcairnia spp.: Bromeliaceae)

Tavares

Ferro

Leal

et al. 2022

Ecology and Evolution

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The study of mechanisms that generate new species is considered fundamental for broad areas of ecology and evolution. Speciation is a continuous process in which reproductive isolation is established, and it is of fundamental importance to understand the origins of the adaptations that contribute to this process. Hybrid zones are considered natural laboratories for the study of speciation and represent ideal systems for such studies. Here, we investigated genomic differentiation between hybridizing Neotropical species Pitcairnia staminea (G. Lodd.) and P. albiflos (Herb.). Using thousands of SNPs genotyped through RAD‐seq, we estimate effective population sizes, interspecific gene flow, as well as time of divergence between these two sister species and identify candidate genomic regions for positive selection that may be related to reproductive isolation. We selected different scenarios of speciation and tested them by using approximate Bayesian computation (ABC); we found evidence of divergence with gradual reduction in gene flow between these species over time, compatible with the hypothesis of speciation with gene flow between these Pitcairnia species. The parameter estimates obtained through ABC suggested that the effective population size of P. albiflos was around three times larger than that of P. staminea . Our divergence date estimates showed that these two species diverged during the Pliocene (4.7 Mya; CI = 1.3–8.5 Mya), which has likely allowed this species to accumulate genome‐wide differences. We also detected a total of 17 of 4165 loci which showed signatures of selection with high genetic differentiation ( F ST > 0.85), 12 of these loci were annotated in de novo assembled transcriptomes of both species, and 4 candidate genes were identified to be putatively involved in reproductive isolation. These four candidate genes were previously associated with the function of pollen development, pollen tube germination and orientation, abiotic stress, and flower scent in plants, suggesting an interplay between pre‐ and postpollination barriers in the evolution of reproductive isolation between such species.

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Ecological speciation in sympatric palms: 4. Demographic analyses support speciation of Howea in the face of high gene flow

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Ecological speciation in sympatric palms: 3. Genetic map reveals genomic islands underlying species divergence in Howea

Ecological speciation in sympatric palms: 3. Genetic map reveals genomic islands underlying species divergence in Howea

Courtship behavior, nesting microhabitat, and assortative mating in sympatric stickleback species pairs

Speciation with gene flow between two Neotropical sympatric species (Pitcairnia spp.: Bromeliaceae)

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