Ecological Studies on the Cercariae in Stagnicola emarginata angulata (Sowerby) in the Douglas Lake Region, Michigan

Cort, William W.; McMullen, Donald B.; Brackett, Sterling

doi:10.2307/3272399

Cited by 58 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…While this procedure resulted in smaller sample sizes, it avoided the potential bias inherent to analyses of pooled data sets in which the individual samples are heterogeneous with regard to parasite species composition or abundance (see discussions in Cort et al 1937, Lauckner 1980, Kuris 1990, Sousa 1990, 1992. The analyses were focused at the level of the host subpopulation within a given year, rather than examining some aggregate sample of pans or years.…”

Section: Analysis Of Mixed-species Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interspecific Antagonism and Species Coexistence in a Diverse Guild of Larval Trematode Parasites

Sousa¹

1993

Ecological Monographs

132

170

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The salt marsh snail Cerithidea californica is first intermediate host to a diverse guild of larval trematode parasites. In Bolinas Lagoon, in central California, the site of this study, at least 15 species of trematodes infect snail populations. This study investigated patterns of interspecific association and interaction among members of this parasite guild.Seven to 19 host subpopulations were sampled annually at each of two sites in the lagoon from 1981 to 1988. Mixed-species infections constituted only 2.5% of the 5025 infections examined in the study. A Monte Carlo simulation procedure demonstrated that the numbers of such infections were often less than would be expected by chance, especially when the overall prevalence of infection was high. Patterns of association between particular pairs of species depended on whether the species' life histories include redial or only sporocyst larvae. Species that develop as rediae were predominantly negatively associated with other redial species and with most species that develop only as sporocysts. There was weak evidence of positive interspecific association between a few redial and sporocyst-only species, while members of other such pairs were distributed independently. Associations between sporocyst-only species were either weakly positive or neutral.Snails carrying known infections were marked, released, and recaptured at both study sites. During their exposure in the field, some initial infections were invaded by another parasite species that often excluded the first parasite. The vulnerability of a parasite species to invasion and replacement by another differed among the tested species. Infections of the largest redial species, Parorchis acanthus, were especially resistant to replacement, while those of the smallest redial species, Euhaplorchis californiensis, were the most frequently excluded. Four other species were invaded or replaced at intermediate rates. The two largest redial species, P. acanthus and Himasthla rhigedana, were responsible for >90% of the invasions or exclusions. Direct observations showed that the rediae of these species prey on the larval stages of other species, as do the rediae of Echinoparyphium sp. This direct form of interspecific antagonism is probably the primary mechanism by which such species exclude others from host snails, as has been widely demonstrated in similar freshwater snail-trematode systems.While hierarchical, negative interactions prevent the coexistence of species at the level of the individual host, the mark-recapture study showed that rates of exclusion are low for most subordinate species, with the exception of Euhaplorchis californiensis. At the level of the host subpopulation, the assemblage of larval trematodes is diverse, and its composition is temporally and spatially variable. There is no trend toward dominance of the assemblage by large redial species as the level of infection rises within aging cohorts or subpopulations of hosts. These patterns of guild structure within host cohorts and subpopulations ar...

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Section: Analysis Of Mixed-species Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interspecific Antagonism and Species Coexistence in a Diverse Guild of Larval Trematode Parasites

Sousa¹

1993

Ecological Monographs

132

170

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“…These last 20 infected snails were all sterile. I have followed Cort et al (1937) in considering these last-mentioned as true double infections and distinct from examples in which encysted metacercariae occur with active larval forms. In these double infections both types of cercaria, Band C, appeared equally active.…”

Section: Incidence and Effect Of Cercaria Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biology and Trematode Parasites of the GastropodLittorina Neritoides(L.) on the Plymouth Breakwater

Lysaght

1941

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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An account is given of the distribution, life history and trematode parasites ofLittorina neritoideson the Plymouth Breakwater; a few observations from other localities are included.The smaller snails are most abundant on the exposed southern slopes of the Breakwater. Many of the larger ones live more or less permanently in water in small cylindrical pits on the top of the Breakwater. This habitat is apparently very similar to that described by Fischer-Piette (1932) as occupied permanently by this species at Cap Martin; Lebour (1935) has sometimes found it in water in other places in the Plymouth area.The conditions necessary for metamorphosis of the larvae, the need of the adults for shelter from the force of the waves, and the requirements for spawning appear to be of more importance in determining the choice of habitat than the negatively geotactic and varying phototactic responses found in this species by Fränkel (1927).The breeding season lasts from September to April. The males are ripe about two months before most of the females. Experimental evidence is given which makes it most improbable that there is any downward migration for spawning. From the examination of plankton samples it appears that there is a fortnightly spawning rhythm coincident with high tides, and that even the snails living in water discharge their eggs only at these periods.The distribution of the size groups is discussed. The proportion of males decreases significantly in the larger size groups and it is probable that there is a difference in the growth-rate of the sexes.

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“…T h a t temporal isolating mechanisms do exist in such cases has been shown by James (1965). Cort et al (1937), on the other hand, report the simultaneous occurrence of three parasites in large numbers. I t would be of interest to discover whether other isolating mechanisms, such as vertical zonation, occur at this site.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Cort et al (1937) found 21 species of parasite, but in Lake Ainslie there were only 10. Of these, only two were Tp.ichobilharzin stngni~olae were also present but a t a low incidence.…”

Section: Species Of Larval Trematode Foundmentioning

confidence: 92%

The Occurrence of Congeneric Trematode Species in Lymnaea Emarginata From Lake Ainslie, Cape Breton

Farley¹

1967

Can. J. Zool.

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Received M a y 31, 1967 h survey of larval trematndcs in Lymnaen merginala from h I c e Ainslie, Cap: Erelon Island, shomd the presence of 10 apecies. 'She ttvo most abundant species Nere cnngcnesic, with very sin~il.+r lice cyr-lcc: 1'Iu~iorclnis mu7i.r and P. $ T O X I~I I . T .These t\vo qwcirr; never wrurrrtl to~ether in large numbers at Lhe same time, but showed 110th tcmporal succession xrlrl spltial isolation. rhc gcnrral level of parasitism w.rs found to inrrease with increased size of adult sr~aila, bur jrlvcnilc snails were nrnw forlr~d i n f~r t e d rlurirlg the summer months.

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Ecological Studies on the Cercariae in Stagnicola emarginata angulata (Sowerby) in the Douglas Lake Region, Michigan

Cited by 58 publications

References 0 publications

Interspecific Antagonism and Species Coexistence in a Diverse Guild of Larval Trematode Parasites

Interspecific Antagonism and Species Coexistence in a Diverse Guild of Larval Trematode Parasites

The Biology and Trematode Parasites of the GastropodLittorina Neritoides(L.) on the Plymouth Breakwater

The Occurrence of Congeneric Trematode Species in Lymnaea Emarginata From Lake Ainslie, Cape Breton

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