Ecological Theory and Ethnic Differentiation Among Human Populations [and Comments and Replies]

Abruzzi, William S.; Brown, Judith K.; Durbin, Thomas E.; Fidler, Richard; Hardesty, Donald L.; Hinton, Peter; Hurlich, Marshall G.; Kennedy, John C.; Levine, Hal B.; Veiga, Ubaldo Martínez; Moerman, Michael; Pelt, F.L.; Ross, Eric B.; Vasulu, T. S.; Winterhalder, Bruce

doi:10.1086/202777

Cited by 58 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…[See also BBS multiple book review of Lumsden & Wilson's Genes, Mind and Culture, BBS 5(1) 1982. ] Culture therefore evolves separately from and more rapidly than the gene pool which supports it, as described by Abruzzi (1982) for human cultures. Culture however, is not used strictly in the human sense here.…”

Section: Department Of Philosophy Victoria University Of Wellingtonmentioning

confidence: 74%

Are species intelligent?

Schull

1990

Behav Brain Sci

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Plant and animal species are information-processing entities of such complexity, integration, and adaptive competence that it may be scientifically fruitful to consider them intelligent. The possibility arises from the analogy between learning (in organisms) and evolution (in species), and from recent developments in evolutionary science, psychology and cognitive science. Species are now described as spatiotemporally localized individuals in an expanded hierarchy of biological entities. Intentional and cognitive abilities are now ascribed to animal, human, and artificial intelligence systems that process information adaptively, and that manifest problem-solving abilities. The structural and functional similarities between such systems and species are extensive, although they “are usually obscured by population-genetic metaphors that have nonetheless contributed much to our understanding of evolution.In this target article, I use Sewall Wright's notion of the “adaptive landscape” to compare the performances of evolving species to those of intelligent organisms. With regard to their adaptive achievements and the kinds of processes by which they are achieved, biological species compare very favorably to intelligent animals by virtue of interactions between populations and their environments, between ontogeny and phylogeny, and between natural, interdemic, organic, and species selection. Addressing the question of whether species are intelligent could help to refine our ideas about species, evolution, and intelligence, and could open new lines of empirical and theoretical inquiry in many disciplines.

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Section: Department Of Philosophy Victoria University Of Wellingtonmentioning

confidence: 74%

Are species intelligent?

Schull

1990

Behav Brain Sci

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“…Marshall and Shaw's (2002) conception is primarily one of a restricted sphere of interaction within the Cave Creek area. Consistent with this idea is boundary maintenance that contributed to the adaptive efficiency of the expanding population that settled new lands and perhaps competed for resources with other groups (Abrazzi, 1982;Cashdan, 1983;Dyson-Hudson and Smith, 1978;Yesner, 1985). If true, we might expect the restricted movement of goods between peoples on opposite sides of the sociopolitical boundary (Hodder, 1982(Hodder, , 1985.…”

Section: Issue 2: Community Organizationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Provenance and microprobe assays of phyllite‐tempered ceramics from the uplands of central Arizona

2008

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The ceramics in use across a broad upland zone of central Arizona during the early Classic period (ca. A.D. 1100-1300) were characterized by a lack of mineralogical variability; nearly all of the clay containers were tempered with one rock type, phyllite. Consequently, nearly all of the upland pottery is assigned to a single pottery type, Wingfield Plain. This compositional uniformity has frustrated ceramic provenance studies, and, as a result, little has been learned previously about the organization of ceramic production and exchange in the upland territory. There are, however, considerable and interpretable chemical differences in the phyllite-tempered wares, as shown with microanalyses of the temper fragments and pottery clay fractions with an electron microprobe. The chemical patterning is useful for investigating issues pertaining to the upland zone, including the organization of ceramic manufacture, community arrangements, and pottery transactions during a time of prevalent hostilities in central Arizona.

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“…By the 1990s, many scholars of culture and religion had joined the debate and begun to generate a substantial body of literature discussing and analysing how environmental quality is valued in the world's various ethnic and religious systems (Orellano et al, 2020). Abruzzi et al (1982) explained in their paper regarding the relevance of ecological theory in explaining human ethnic differentiation and attempted to find out if the formation and maintenance of ethnic boundaries could be one area of social behaviour to benefit from the explicit application of ecological modernization theory. He argued that traditional approaches based on a static conception of discrete ethnic groups have been proven incapable of dealing with the dynamics of new concerns.…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different ethnic groups exhibit different attitudes toward energy efficiency. Some ethnic groups are more inclined to insulate their homes and use more energy-efficient vehicles than others (Abruzzi et al, 1982). Compared to other ethnic groups, African Americans and Europeans have more positive environmental attitudes that reflect a stronger commitment to particular values that are more environmentally friendly (Papyrakis, 2013).…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing Environmental Sustainability Through the Diversity-Pollution Nexus—a Global Perspective via PM2.5 and NO2

Amin

Khan

Mehmood

2022

Water Air Soil Pollut

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This paper analyzes the effects of ethnic and religious diversity on air pollution for 187 countries around the world (categorized into high-income, middle-income and low-income countries) from 1990 to 2020. We determine the long-run relationship between the variables using panel-fixed effects and GMM models. Air pollution emission factors are spatially explicit into emissions of particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and the Alesina’s fragmentation index has been used to calculate ethnic and religious diversity. The results show that ethnic and religious diversity both have significant negative impacts on air pollution (PM2.5 and NO2). Furthermore, the results are more significant for high-income and middle-income countries and vice versa for low-income countries. This study suggests that diversity is a natural phenomenon; however, its disastrous effects may be curtailed by providing equal opportunities and promoting a peaceful society, as done in high-income countries, to ensure the well-being of the people through cohesiveness. Policymakers need to promote collective action and communication among different groups while acknowledging that investment for public benefits often requires broad social consensus and solidarity.

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Ecological Theory and Ethnic Differentiation Among Human Populations [and Comments and Replies]

Cited by 58 publications

References 0 publications

Are species intelligent?

Are species intelligent?

Provenance and microprobe assays of phyllite‐tempered ceramics from the uplands of central Arizona

Probing Environmental Sustainability Through the Diversity-Pollution Nexus—a Global Perspective via PM2.5 and NO2

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