Drainage ditches are unique aquatic ecosystems that have gone virtually unnoticed by the scientific community. These systems are often considered nothing more than conduits for water transport from wet or moist areas, when indeed they serve as crucial sites for contaminant transfer and transformation. In many parts of the world, ditches also serve as refuges for endangered species of flora and fauna. Maintenance of drainage ditches is a subject that stirs intense debate between farmers, landowners, scientists, and regulators. Finding a balance between efficient water transport and ditch water quality improvements is a growing field of concern. Various characteristics of drainage ditches are identified, with an emphasis on ditches in agricultural systems. Also included is a brief history of drainage ditches, as well as past and present drainage ditch research, and a brief synopsis of future ditch research directions.