Ecologically relevant phosphorus pools in soils and their dynamics: The story so far

Soil phosphorus availability, dynamic and speciation in long-term high fertilized soils

“…The soils collected in fallow areas with contrasting texture had a large proportion of Po constituting the labile pool and a small amount present in the Pi AER fraction, mainly in clay soil (Figure 4). Although the labile pool represented only about 3 to 21 % of the total soil P ( Figure 3), this fraction is of great ecological and agronomic relevance, since it represents the readily available P for plants and therefore will soon enter in the food chain (Weihrauch and Opp, 2018). The low levels of Pi AER in relation to the total P corroborate with the data in table 3, showing the importance of correlation works for the use of extractants .…”

Could oxalate‐extractable phosphorus replace phosphorus fractionation schemes in soil phosphorus prospections?—A case study in the prehistoric Milseburg hillfort (Germany)

“…However, detecting all the sorbed soil P is not possible by geochemical analysis to date because sorbed P is comprised of a spectrum of P forms of very different solubility. For example, P‐ox includes easily soluble, unspecifically sorbed P next to slightly soluble, specifically sorbed P forms (Weihrauch & Opp, ). Quantitative geochemical procedures rely on the use of acids/bases (e.g., HCl, NaOH) of a certain acidity/alkalinity and thus extract P forms of a corresponding solubility range (Weihrauch, ).…”

“…Scientists can nowadays determine this anthropogenically introduced P only because the soils retained it by chemical bonding. Different processes of P bonding to the soil exist (Weihrauch & Opp, ), but sorption might be the most important process for the retention of archaeologically relevant P. Thus, targeted detection of sorbed P would be favorable for geoarchaeological investigations.…”

“…Different processes of P bonding to the soil exist (Weihrauch & Opp, 2018), but sorption might be the most important process for the retention of archaeologically relevant P. Thus, targeted detection of sorbed P would be favorable for geoarchaeological investigations. Schwertmann (1964) proposed an extraction with ammoniumoxalate to determine easily soluble pedogenetic iron (Fe) oxides within soil samples.…”

“…Schwertmann (1964) proposed an extraction with ammoniumoxalate to determine easily soluble pedogenetic iron (Fe) oxides within soil samples. This method may also be used for the determination of P (Binner, Dultz, & Schenk, 2015;Prietzel, Klysubun, & Werner, 2016) because pedogenetic oxides of Fe and aluminum (Al) are regarded as the major P sorption agents within soils (Barber, 1995;Weihrauch & Opp, 2018). Thus, oxalate-extractable P (P-ox) would indicate the amount of P stored within a soil by sorption processes (Eichler-Löbermann, Köhne, & Köppen, 2007;Leinweber, Meissner, Eckhardt, & Seeger, 1999).…”