Ecologically Safe Architecture of Agrolandscape Is Basis for Sustainable Development

Abstract

Worldwide, about 12x10 6 ha of arable land are destroyed and abandoned annually due to soil erosion. This problem is very serious for Krasnogvardeiskiy district, which is most eroded district (72.7% eroded lands) in the Central Chernozem Zone (CCZ) of Russia. Under the leadership of the academician of Russian Academy of Agrarian Sciences O.G. Kotlyarova the landscape agricultural systems (LASs) were mastered throughout the Krasnogvardeisky district (132 thousand ha). Our investigations showed that the purpose for which LASs were created is reached. Obtained results showed that it is possible to prevent erosive losses and to raise soil fertility. Restoration of soil fertility is presented in terms of increasing of crops productivity-on 25%. Transformation of a landscape basis has increased the general biological capacity of territory more than twice and exchangeable biological capacity by 32%. All these facts have raised assimilability of the transformed territory that allows to consider it, unlike traditional, not as source СО 2 in atmosphere, and as fixed carbon tank which capacity can reach 0,71 t/ha. In turn the intensification of substances circulation leads to increasing of plant production efficiency. Excess is from 14% (productivity of labour expenses) to 43.2% (use efficiency of PAR). In intensively mastered agricultural district (arable lands more than 80%) agroecosystems have been formed, allowing besides its basic function: soil preservation, steady reception of agricultural production, to carry out also the major biospheric function -increasing biological variety, creation of a favorable inhabitancy for live organisms, including human.

Humus State of Soils in the System of Landscape Agriculture in the Conditions of the Middle-Russian Upland, Russia

“…In whole, according to a survey of regional agro-chemical service, contents of organic matter in the soils of the Krasnogvardeiskiy district have increased during last twenty-five years from 4.8% to 5.2% (Kotlyarova et al, 2013). Excess of today's humus state over the original is over 8%.…”

The development of an innovative competitive tourist product on the lands of a nature reserve

“…С целью создания туристского кластера необходимо выявить наиболее пер спективные муниципальные образования, разработать проекты и создать туристско-ре креационные зоны [14,15]. В частности, экотехнологические парки и туристско-ре креационные комплексы, базирующиеся на принципах экологического туризма, будут наиболее востребованы во всех крупных го родах и районных центрах области, так как они содействуют устойчивому развитию тер ритории и экологическому просвещению на селения [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Untitled

“…A significant place in the territorial structure of agricultural landscapes of the region is occupied by gullies and gully complexes with Cretaceous outcropings that are rich in endemic and epiobiotic species. [1][2][3][4][5] A feature of the area is the high content of calcium carbonate in the soil, which leads to a reduction in overall bioproductivity of phytocenoses. [6][7][8] Primarily, it affects perennial legumes -essential sources of food and feed protein, pharmaceuticals, and components of agro-landscape systems that play an adaptive role and improve the environment in the different structures of agroecosystems, etc.…”