Ecologically unequal exchange and uneven development patterns along global value chains

Towards a Theory of Ecologically Unequal Exchange (Eue) as a Multi-Tiered Hierarchy:Investigating the Interdependence of Global and Domestic Environmental Inequalities to Explain China's Rise to Power

“…SDA's are often used in conjunction with MRIO analyses in order to better track the driving forces behind economic phenomena and distinguish a wide range of final demand and production effects, as well as direct and indirect effects along the entire supply chain (R. E. Miller & Blair, 2009). In this study, the application of a SDA allows us both to substantiate the claims and predictions made by this study, and provides additional empirical grounding for EUE by providing evidence for its driving forces (Althouse et al 2023). As Hickel et al (2022, p. 10) point out, in order to empirically test for the presence of EUE, it is necessary to conduct an SDA-type analysis to determine the role of different potential variables in driving environmental inequalities.…”

“…4 EUE theory can therefore be bolstered by quantitative and qualitative methods that can suggest its driving forces and causal mechanisms. This includes more granular analyses via decomposition methods that can determine the contribution of different factors to the emergence of EUE (Hickel et al, 2022), beyond simply market exchanges and technological advancements (Althouse et al, 2023;Jiborn et al, 2018).…”

Mapping Urban Expansions along China–Europe Railway Express with the 30 m Time-Series Global Impervious Surface Area (GISA-2) Data from 2010 to 2019

“…(1) Initial boundary extraction: aggregation of ISA to delineate prospective urban fringes through a kernel density estimator; (2) Boundary improvement: multiscale fusion applied to refine the initial urban boundaries, which distinctively diverges from Li's foundational framework [34] by offering an explicit spatial enhancement for cities of different scales; (3) Post-processing: measures designed to rectify minor discontinuities (e.g., small water bodies and green spaces) within the urban fabric and to ensure the temporal coherence of the urban expansion patterns.…”

“…The urban areas increased by an average of 1883 km 2 yr −1 for the 1985-2015 period [22]. Meanwhile, uneven development patterns in those countries have also been noticed and figured out by Althouse [34] and Heiskanen [35], due to various local policies, environments, and socio-economic conditions.…”

The Legal Form of Climate Change Litigation: An Inquiry into the Transformative Potential and Limits of Private Law

“…Moreover, climate change litigation mainly seeks mitigation efforts, while the global South, which has already been hit badly by climate change, needs reparation and adaptation measures, and, notably, compensation for the most affected racialized communities (Gonzalez 2021). The uneven ecological exchange is deeply entangled with uneven economic exchange (Althouse et al 2023): both the plunder of natural resources that are not replenished (Amin 1973, 131) and the creation of sacrifice zones proceed along racial divides. These cases also suffer from a postcolonial mentality, demonstrated by the choice of the threshold of 2°C instead of 1.5°C, a choice that implies acceptance of the existential threat to people living on small islands at risk of being drowned by sea level rise (Paiement 2020, 142).…”