Ecology and Biogeography of the Termites of India

Sen-Sarma, P. K.

doi:10.1007/978-94-010-2331-3_14

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…During the dry season, the soil in upland sal forest habitats becomes stiff (Malla & Karki, 2016). Termites excavate deeper into the ground to seek moisture (Ahmed & Pradhan, 2018; Sen‐Sarma, 1974). Obtaining termites from stiff mounds becomes difficult in forests compared to grassland habitats where the soil is relatively loose, making it less likely that sloth bears will dig into mounds and underground colonies of termites and ants (Garshelis et al, 1999; Joshi et al, 1995, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat occupancy of sloth bear Melursus ursinus in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

Paudel

Kadariya

Lamichhane

et al. 2022

Ecology and Evolution

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Mammals have experienced a massive decline in their populations and geographic ranges worldwide. The sloth bear, Melursus ursinus (Shaw, 1791), is one of many species facing conservation threats. Despite being endangered in Nepal, decades of inattention to the situation have hindered their conservation and management. We assessed the distribution and patterns of habitat use by sloth bears in Chitwan National Park (CNP), Nepal. We conducted sign surveys from March to June, 2020, in 4 × 4 km grids (n = 45). We collected detection/non‐detection data along a 4‐km trail that was divided into 20 continuous segments of 200 m each. We obtained environmental, ecological, and anthropogenic covariates to understand determinants of sloth bear habitat occupancy. The data were analyzed using the single‐species single‐season occupancy method, with a spatially correlated detection. Using repeated observations, these models accounted for the imperfect detectability of the species to provide robust estimates of habitat occupancy. The model‐averaged occupancy estimate for the sloth bear was 69% and the detection probability was 0.25. The probability of habitat occupancy by sloth bears increased with the presence of termites and fruits and in rugged, dry, open, undisturbed habitats. Our results indicate that the sloth bear is elusive, functionally unique, and widespread in CNP. Future conservation interventions and action plans aimed at sloth bear management must adequately consider their habitat requirements.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat occupancy of sloth bear Melursus ursinus in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

Paudel

Kadariya

Lamichhane

et al. 2022

Ecology and Evolution

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“…While information is available on the distribution of fungus growers on a global scale, less is known of the regional macro‐climatic factors determining their distribution and that of other feeding and nesting traits. Several studies have attempted to explain the distribution of specific termite traits but were either focused on a few species (Maynard et al 2015, Lee et al 2017, Beasley‐Hall et al 2018) or carried out over 40 years ago when knowledge on termite distribution and traits was sparse (Calaby and Gay 1959, Sen‐Sarma 1974). We use the Australian continent as a study system to understand termite macroecology because of its combination of data resources and diverse termite assemblages as well as a broad range of climatic conditions (Sturman and Tapper 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continental‐scale shifts in termite diversity and nesting and feeding strategies

2021

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Typically, termites are treated as a single guild, which ignores important internal diversity, including diverse feeding and nesting traits. These termite traits are crucial for both ecosystem‐level fluxes and trophic webs, with implications for vertebrate species. Despite their ecological importance, the large‐scale distribution of termite feeding and nesting traits and the relationship with termite diversity is largely unknown. We investigated whether functional diversity, species richness and feeding (wood, litter, grass and dung) and nesting trait (aboveground mound, belowground nest, inside tree or outside tree nest) distributions of termites were climatically controlled. To address this gap, we assembled a continental‐scale database of termite traits and occurrence in Australia and modelled termite nesting and feeding traits in response to macroclimate. Functional richness and evenness increased primarily with temperature. Australia showed multiple hotspots of termite diversity with each hotspot showing a distinct guild composition. The large‐scale distribution of nesting traits showed that aboveground nesting species were the most common nesting guild in the dry and wet tropics, while belowground nesting dominated in seasonally cold arid environments, demonstrating a strong climatic control on nesting strategy. Given their large biomass and many interactions with other species, the macroecology of termite traits may be especially important in predicting shifts in other species' distributions at continental and global scales.

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“…Since 1918 it has appeared in more than 100 biological and systematic papers and in a voluminous literature on pest control (e.g. Harris, 1961;Gay, 1967;Araujo, 1970;Roonwal, 1970;Sen Sarma 1974;Sen Sarma et al, 1975;Gay & Watson, 1982;Steward, 1983aSteward, , 1983bThakur, 1984;Roonwal & Chhotani, 1989;Huang et al, 1989Huang et al, , 2000Watson et al, 1998;Scheffrahn & Kreéek, 1999;Bordereau et al, 1999;Constantino, 2002;. Conversely, the name parasita has been associated with only a restricted distribution (Comoros, Mauritius and Madagascar) and has been used only nine times in the same period, generally in checklists and catalogues (Holmgren, 1911a(Holmgren, , 1911bHegh, 1922;Sjostedt, 1926;Snyder, 1949;Van Boven, 1969;Chhotani, 1970;Bacchus, 1987;Eggleton & Davies, 2003), not in any revisionary or biological studies.…”

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Case 3547Cryptotermes dudleyiBanks, 1918 (Insecta, Isoptera): proposed precedence overCalotermes havilandi parasitaWasmann, 1910 (currentlyCryptotermes parasita)

Krishna¹,

Engel²

2011

The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

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The purpose of this application, under Articles 23.9.3 and 81 of the Code, is to conserve the usage of the specific name Cryptotermes dudleyi Banks, 1918 for an important economic termite pest species introduced throughout much of the world by man. The senior name, Calotermes havilandi parasita Wasmann, 1910 (currently Cryptotermes parasita), is poorly known, not widely used, and applied only to a population of restricted distribution, while the junior name has been universally used in an extensive systematic, biological, and pest management literature since 1918 when it was first proposed. It is accordingly proposed that the specific name dudleyi be given precedence over parasita whenever the two are considered to be synonyms. Keywords. Nomenclature; taxonomy; Isoptera; KALOTERMITIDAE; Cryptotermes; Cryptotermes dudleyi; Cryptotermes parasita; termites; worldwide.1. Wasmann (1910, p. 120) described Calotermes havilandi parasita from Mauritius and Europa Island, without selecting a holotype. Subsequently, Holmgren (191 1a, p. 55) transferred Calotermes havilandi parasita to the subgenus Cryptotermes (today treated as a separate genus) and elevated the subspecies to specific rank, as Calotermes (Cryptotermes) parasita.2. Banks (1918, p. 660) described and illustrated the drywood termite Cryptotermes dudleyi from Panama in his faunal account of the Isoptera of British Guiana and Panama.3. Bacchus (1987, p. 53) selected a lectotype for parasita from Wasmann's syntypes from Mauritius and declared parasita a synonym of Cryptotermes dudleyi. He, however, retained dudleyi as the valid name despite parasita having priority. The type series of C. havilandi parasita Wasmann included syntypes from Mauritius and

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Ecology and Biogeography of the Termites of India

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Habitat occupancy of sloth bear Melursus ursinus in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

Habitat occupancy of sloth bear Melursus ursinus in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

Continental‐scale shifts in termite diversity and nesting and feeding strategies

Case 3547Cryptotermes dudleyiBanks, 1918 (Insecta, Isoptera): proposed precedence overCalotermes havilandi parasitaWasmann, 1910 (currentlyCryptotermes parasita)

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