Ecology and diversity of waxcap (<i>Hygrocybe</i>spp.) Fungi

Griffith, Gareth; Easton, Gary L.; Jones, Andrew W.

doi:10.1080/03746600208685025

Cited by 44 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…also exhibit patterns similar to those found in ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes, for instance their sensitivity to inorganic forms of nitrogen, and hence their occurrence in nitrogen poor habitats (Seitzman et al 2011). Their current rarity in most European grasslands is attributed to the widespread application of inorganic fertilizers (Griffith et al 2002. Furthermore, examination of the carbon and nitrogen isotopic patterns of these fungi suggests that they are not saprotrophic as all species examined so far exhibited highly elevated ∂15 N and low ∂13C signatures in both European grasslands (Griffith 2002 and unpublished data) and North American woodland habitats (Seitzman et al 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The remaining genera in Hygrophoraceae were putatively regarded as saprotrophic, but recent data derived from stable isotope ratios are at variance with that assumption (Griffith et al 2002;Griffith 2004;Seitzman et al 2011). Knowledge about nutritional strategies is important for conservation of species of Hygrophoraceae, and many species are reported as threatened in Europe and Australia (Boertmann 2010;Gärdenfors 2010;Griffith 2004;Griffith et al 2002Griffith et al , 2004Kearney and Kearney 2000;Young 2005). Furthermore, nutritional strategies are moderately conserved within lineages in Hygrophoraceae (Seitzman et al 2011), and are more likely to be adaptive than many morphological features used in agaric systematics.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…However, other features of their biology such as absence or very limited basidiospore germination under a range of conditions (Griffith, unpub. data) and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios unlike those of known saprotrophs (Griffith et al 2002Trudell et al 2004;Seitzman et al 2011) suggest more complex nutrient requirements. There are only two confirmed examples of successful axenic culture of species in this group (confirmed by ITS sequencing), namely G. laetus (L Deacon, 2003, pers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular phylogeny, morphology, pigment chemistry and ecology in Hygrophoraceae (Agaricales)

et al. 2013

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Molecular phylogenies using 1-4 gene regions and information on ecology, morphology and pigment chemistry were used in a partial revision of the agaric family Hygrophoraceae. The phylogenetically supported genera we recognize here in the Hygrophoraceae based on these and previous analyses are: Acantholichen, Ampulloclitocybe, Arrhenia, Cantharellula, Cantharocybe, Chromosera, Chrysomphalina, Cora, Corella, Cuphophyllus, Cyphellostereum, Dictyonema, Eonema, Gliophorus, Haasiella, Humidicutis, Hygroaster, Hygrocybe, Hygrophorus, Lichenomphalia, Neohygrocybe, Porpolomopsis and Pseudoarmillariella. A new genus that is sister to Chromosera is described as Gloioxanthomyces. Revisions were made at the ranks of subfamily, tribe, genus, subgenus, section and subsection. We present three new subfamilies, eight tribes (five new), eight subgenera (one new, one new combination and one stat. nov.), 26 sections (five new and three new combinations and two stat. nov.) and 14 subsections (two new, two stat. nov.). Species of Chromosera, Gliophorus, Humidicutis, and Neohygrocybe are often treated within the genus Hygrocybe; we therefore provide valid names in both classification systems. We used a minimalist approach in transferring genera and creating new names and combinations. Consequently, we retain in the Hygrophoraceae the basal cuphophylloid grade comprising the genera Cuphophyllus, Ampulloclitocybe and Cantharocybe, despite weak phylogenetic support. We include Aeruginospora and Semiomphalina in Hygrophoraceae based on morphology though molecular data are lacking. The lower hygrophoroid clade is basal to Hygrophoraceae s.s., comprising the genera Aphroditeola, Macrotyphula, Phyllotopsis, Pleurocybella, Sarcomyxa, Tricholomopsis and Typhula.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular phylogeny, morphology, pigment chemistry and ecology in Hygrophoraceae (Agaricales)

et al. 2013

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“…Lodge et al [34] using fumigation-incubation found 0.2-0.8 mg-C¨g-soil´1 in the dry season, comparable to our dry season mean of 0.72 mg-C¨g-soil´1, but their wet season estimations of microbial biomass were higher (0.4-10.2 vs. our mean of 0.65 mg-C¨g-soil´1). The disparity in wet season estimates is likely due to the positive response of humicolous fungi to moisture in these forests together with their relative lack of responsiveness to glucose additions [72,74,75]. Using direct observation and the agar film method, fungal biomass was found to be significantly higher in wet soils rather than in dry soils in two previous studies [75,76].…”

Section: Effects On Soil Biotamentioning

confidence: 96%

Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties of Soil under Decaying Wood in a Tropical Wet Forest in Puerto Rico

Zalamea

González

Lodge

2016

Forests

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Abstract:Decaying wood is related to nutrient cycling through its role as either a sink or source of nutrients. However, at micro scales, what is the effect of decaying logs on the physical, chemical, and biotic characteristics of the soil underneath? We took samples from a 0 to 5 cm depth under and a 50 cm distance away from decaying logs (Dacryodes excelsa and Swietenia macrophylla) at 2 stages of decay, and measured soil temperature, total and available nutrients, and root length in a tropical wet forest. We found decaying wood affected physical, chemical, and biotic properties of the underlying soil. Soil temperature was less variable under the decaying logs than away from the logs. Soil under the decaying wood had fewer roots, and lower NO 3´a nd Mg 2+ availability than samples collected a distance of 50 cm away from the logs. Tree species and decay stage were important factors defining the effect of decaying wood on the distribution of available nutrients. Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and K + levels were higher in the soil associated with the youngest logs, and were higher near S. macrophylla logs. Heavy metals were also higher in the soil located near the younger logs independent of the species; other metal ions such as Al 3+ and Fe 3+ were higher in the soil associated with D. excelsa and the oldest logs. These results indicate decaying wood can contribute to and generate spatial heterogeneity of soil properties.

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“…Historically, therefore, even the best "waxcap grasslands" (using Arnolds' (1980) terminology) have rarely received adequate long-term protection. More recently, waxcap assemblages are increasingly being recognized as useful bioindicators for identifying sites of conservation priority (e.g., Boertmann 1995, Nitare 2000, McHugh et al 2001, Griffith et al 2002, Newton et al 2003, Evans 2004, Genney et al 2009). Some species, such as the pink waxcap H. calyptriformis, have emerged as flagships for the still nascent practice of targeted conservation of fungi, and waxcaps as a group are becoming mascots for fungal conservation in general.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA barcoding and morphological studies reveal two new species of waxcap mushrooms (Hygrophoraceae) in Britain

Ainsworth¹,

Cannon²,

Dentinger³

2013

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Citation: Ainsworth AM, Cannon PF, Dentinger BTM (2013) DNA barcoding and morphological studies reveal two new species of waxcap mushrooms (Hygrophoraceae) in Britain. MycoKeys 7: 45-62. doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.7.5860 Abstract Rigorous diagnostics and documentation of fungal species are fundamental to their conservation. During the course of a species-level study of UK waxcap (Hygrophoraceae) diversity, two previously unrecognized species were discovered. We describe Gliophorus europerplexus sp. nov. and G. reginae sp. nov., respectively orange-brown and purple-pink waxcap mushrooms, from nutrient-poor grasslands in Britain. Both share some morphological features with specimens assigned to Gliophorus (=Hygrocybe) psittacinus. However, analysis of sequences of the nuclear ITS DNA barcode region from these and related taxa confirms the phylogenetic distinctness of these lineages. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the holotype of Hygrophorus perplexus, a North American species morphologically resembling G. europerplexus, is phylogenetically divergent from all our collections. It is likely that further collections of G. europerplexus will be revealed by sequencing European material currently filed under G. perplexus and its synonyms. However, two such collections in the Kew fungarium yielded sequences that clustered together but were divergent from those of G. europerplexus, G. perplexus and G. psittacinus and may represent a further novel taxon. By contrast, G. reginae is morphologically distinct and can usually be recognized in the field by its purplish viscid pileus and relatively stout, flexuose, pale stipe. It is named to commemorate the diamond jubilee of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II in 2012 and the 60 th anniversary of her coronation in 2013.

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Ecology and diversity of waxcap (Hygrocybespp.) Fungi

Cited by 44 publications

References 33 publications

Molecular phylogeny, morphology, pigment chemistry and ecology in Hygrophoraceae (Agaricales)

Molecular phylogeny, morphology, pigment chemistry and ecology in Hygrophoraceae (Agaricales)

Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties of Soil under Decaying Wood in a Tropical Wet Forest in Puerto Rico

DNA barcoding and morphological studies reveal two new species of waxcap mushrooms (Hygrophoraceae) in Britain

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