Ecology and evolution on oceanic islands: broadening the botanical perspective

García‐Verdugo, Carlos; Fay, Michael F.

doi:10.1111/boj.12154

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Dispersal to and successful colonization of old lineages on young islands is well documented (e.g. García‐Verdugo & Fay, , and references therein) and these populations often persist longer than their source populations on the continent due to the ocean‐buffered climate of islands (Heads, ). Ancestral lineages of Ceroxylon + Juania were probably affected by desertification in south‐western South America (von Rotz et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neogene rise of the tropical Andes facilitated diversification of wax palms (Ceroxylon: Arecaceae) through geographical colonization and climatic niche separation

Sanín¹,

Kissling

Bacon

et al. 2016

Bot. J. Linn. Soc.

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The tropical Andes are a biodiversity hotspot, partly due to their rich and complex floristic composition. A fundamental question regarding this outstanding biodiversity is what role the Andean orogeny has played in species diversification. Ceroxylon is a genus of endemic Andean palms that stands out in the palm family (Arecaceae) due to its adaptation to cold, mountainous environments. Here, we reconstruct the biogeography and climatic preference of this lineage to test the hypothesis that Andean uplift allowed diversification by providing suitable habitats along climatic and elevational gradients. Ancestral areas were reconstructed under a model allowing for founder-event speciation and climatic niches were inferred from climatic variables at present-day occurrences of all species. Niche evolution in a phylogenetic framework was evaluated by testing differences between the climatic niches of clades. Our analyses identified four main clades, with a general pattern of diversification through geographical colonization from south to north after the Pliocene uplift of the northern Andes. Adaptation to low temperatures was conserved at the generic level, with climatic niche differentiation among clades along elevational temperature gradients. We conclude that the Neogene Andean uplift has facilitated the diversification of this iconic plant group via opportunities for geographical migration and separation within its climatic niche.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neogene rise of the tropical Andes facilitated diversification of wax palms (Ceroxylon: Arecaceae) through geographical colonization and climatic niche separation

Sanín¹,

Kissling

Bacon

et al. 2016

Bot. J. Linn. Soc.

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“…Oceanic islands are de novo islands that are usually result of volcanic activity and have never been connected to landmasses (García-Verdugo and Fay 2014). Since Darwin’s observations in the Galapagos Islands, oceanic islands have been considered as ideal systems for understanding processes of evolution and speciation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and population divergences of an indigenous tree (Coffea mauritiana) in Reunion Island: role of climatic and geographical factors

et al. 2018

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Oceanic islands are commonly considered as natural laboratories for studies on evolution and speciation. The evolutionary specificities of islands associated with species biology provide unique scenarios to study the role of geography and climate in driving population divergence. However, few studies have addressed this subject in small oceanic islands with heterogeneous climates. Being widely distributed in Reunion Island forest, Coffea mauritiana represents an interesting model case for investigating patterns of within-island differentiation at small spatial scale. In this study, we examined the genetic diversity and population divergences of C. mauritiana using SNP markers obtained from 323 individuals across 34 locations in Reunion Island. Using redundancy analysis, we further evaluated the contribution of geographic and climatic factors to shaping genetic divergence among populations. Genetic diversity analyses revealed that accessions clustered according to the source population, with further grouping in regional clusters. Genetic relationships among the regional clusters underlined a recent process of expansion in the form of step-by-step colonization on both sides of the island. Divergence among source populations was mostly driven by the joint effect of geographic distance and climatic heterogeneity. The pattern of isolation-by-geography was in accordance with the dispersal characteristics of the species, while isolation-by-environment was mostly explained by the heterogeneous rainfall patterns, probably associated with an asynchronous flowering among populations. These findings advance our knowledge on the patterns of genetic diversity and factors of population differentiation of species native to Reunion Island, and will also usefully guide forest management for conservation.

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“…The reproductive biology of island plants has been the focus of much research (García‐Verdugo & Fay ). For instance, studies conducted on whole plant communities of remote oceanic islands show a high frequency of self‐compatible species capable of autonomous self‐pollination (Faroes, Hagerup ; Hawaii, Carlquist ; New Zealand, Lloyd ; Galapagos, McMullen ; San Juan Fernandez, Bernardello et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of reproductive strategies between island and mainland Caribbean Gesneriaceae

et al. 2015

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Summary The evolution of self‐pollination has long been considered an adaptive strategy to cope with low or variable pollinator service; however, alternative reproductive strategies, such as generalized pollination (>1 pollinator functional group), may also ensure plant reproductive success in environments with inadequate pollinator visitation. Island–mainland systems provide ideal settings to assess the interaction between pollination and breeding systems in response to pollinator visitation because islands are often pollinator‐depauperate. This study compared 28 insular and 26 mainland species of Caribbean Gesneriaceae to test the hypothesis that low diversity and possibly low pollinator service on islands would lead to a greater frequency of generalized plant–pollinator interactions and/or a higher potential for autonomous self‐pollination in insular than in mainland species. We also assessed the hypothesis that epiphytic species should have greater autofertility than species occurring in other habitats. Pollinator observations conducted in the field from 2004 to 2014 revealed bat, bee, butterfly, hummingbird, moth, and generalized pollination systems. Functional specialization in pollination systems was high in insular (71% of the species) and mainland sites (all species), but generalized and bat‐pollinated species were more common on islands. Overall, pollinator visitation rates did not differ between island and mainland; however, for hummingbird‐pollinated species, visitation rate was on average three times higher in mainland than island species. Autofertility indices (fruit set of bagged/outcross flowers) ranged from 0 to 1 and did not differ between island and mainland species. Species growing on rocks (rupiculous) and trees (epiphytic) had on average higher autofertility than terrestrial species. Synthesis. This study revealed that alternative reproductive strategies are used in pollinator‐depauperate environments. Pollinator visitation is lower in insular hummingbird‐pollinated species (the ancestral pollination system of insular Gesneriaceae); therefore, generalized pollination may be considered a reproductive assurance mechanism evolved primarily on island environments. Contrary to the long‐standing tenet, however, autonomous self‐pollination was similar in island and mainland Gesneriaceae suggesting that: (i) generalized pollination provides a viable alternative to selfing in pollinator‐depauperate environments, (ii) autofertility as a reproductive assurance mechanism may be frequent in plant species from mainland regions in environments with unpredictable pollinator visitation and resource availability.

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Ecology and evolution on oceanic islands: broadening the botanical perspective

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

The Neogene rise of the tropical Andes facilitated diversification of wax palms (Ceroxylon: Arecaceae) through geographical colonization and climatic niche separation

The Neogene rise of the tropical Andes facilitated diversification of wax palms (Ceroxylon: Arecaceae) through geographical colonization and climatic niche separation

Genetic diversity and population divergences of an indigenous tree (Coffea mauritiana) in Reunion Island: role of climatic and geographical factors

A comparison of reproductive strategies between island and mainland Caribbean Gesneriaceae

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