Ecology-and Geography-Related Features of Winter Wheat Varieties for the Areas of Insufficient Humidification

Abstract

The studies on the growth and development characteristics were carried out, as well on the peculiarities of phenophases and photosynthetic activity, yield features, its structure and grain quality of twenty bread winter wheat varieties, of which 11 genotypes represented the entire ecological and geographical diversity of the genetic material for all zones and all leading research institutions of Ukraine, one variety of CIS breeding, 8 varieties bred in various parts of the European Union. The varieties with a stable high yield have been identified, model features that have direct effect on its formation have been shown. The effect of photosynthetic activity on the yielding capacity formation has been revealed, its features have been shown. Grain quality indicators such as protein and gluten content, availability of reserve protein components have been studied. Varieties with high and satisfactory combinations of grain yielding capacity and quality have been identified, promising donors improving these features have been listed, key problems in the current compositions of components of reserve proteins in wheat grain have been described. It is planned to conduct studies in terms of the availability of individual useful micronutrient elements in these varieties.