Ecology of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in streams of northern and southern Thailand: Factors associated with larval and pupal distributions

Jitklang, Sanae; Sawangproh, Weerachon; Kuvangkadilok, Chaliow; Baimai, Visut; Adler, Peter H.

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105357

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…This may reflect the natural progression of seasonal changes or shifts in the species composition of the black fly population over time. Similar variation in the association between black fly abundance and environmental variables across seasons has been reported by Jitklang et al [65]. Unfortunately, as discussed below, we were not able to reliably identify black flies morphologically, nor did we do enough molecular barcoding to enable species-level analyses.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Surveillance along the Rio Grande during the 2020 Vesicular Stomatitis Outbreak Reveals Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of and Viral RNA Detection in Black Flies

et al. 2021

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Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) emerges periodically from its focus of endemic transmission in southern Mexico to cause epizootics in livestock in the US. The ecology of VSV involves a diverse, but largely undefined, repertoire of potential reservoir hosts and invertebrate vectors. As part of a larger program to decipher VSV transmission, we conducted a study of the spatiotemporal dynamics of Simulium black flies, a known vector of VSV, along the Rio Grande in southern New Mexico, USA from March to December 2020. Serendipitously, the index case of VSV-Indiana (VSIV) in the USA in 2020 occurred at a central point of our study. Black flies appeared soon after the release of the Rio Grande’s water from an upstream dam in March 2020. Two-month and one-year lagged precipitation, maximum temperature, and vegetation greenness, measured as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), were associated with increased black fly abundance. We detected VSIV RNA in 11 pools comprising five black fly species using rRT-PCR; five pools yielded a VSIV sequence. To our knowledge, this is the first detection of VSV in the western US from vectors that were not collected on premises with infected domestic animals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Surveillance along the Rio Grande during the 2020 Vesicular Stomatitis Outbreak Reveals Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of and Viral RNA Detection in Black Flies

et al. 2021

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“…The fact that only few species were expressive in abundance is in accordance with the results obtained by mCgill et al (2007) and several other studies regarding immature stages of simuliids (strieder et al 2006;sAntos et al 2010;ArAndA 2017;menzel et al 2019;jitklAng et al 2020), suggesting that environments modified by economic activities are more homogeneous (CouCeiro et al 2014). In the Comandaí river sub-basin, a higher abundance of simuliids (44.38%) was observed in mouth stretches.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Spatio-temporal distribution of preimaginal black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in streams of a sub-basin of the Uruguay river basin, southern Brazil

et al. 2021

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Adult females of most black flies species (Diptera, Simuliidae) exhibit a blood-sucking habit. Immature stages develop in water courses and are important in the ecology of lotic environments. We aim to understand the distribution of immature simuliids in the hydrographic sub-basin of the Comandaí river, in Northwest of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. For that purpose, simuliids were sampled in three stretches (source, intermediate and mouth) of nine streams, distributed along the three main regions of the sub-basin. Evaluations of the influence of abiotic factors in different spatial and temporal scales were made. Sampling was carried out in two seasons: between September and November 2016 (spring), and between April and July 2017 (autumn). In total, 17,146 individuals were sampled (larvae of last instars and pupae), which resulted in the identification of eleven Simuliidae species. The most abundant species were Simulium pertinax Kollar (77.55%), followed by Simulium incrustatum Lutz (14.56%) and Simulium subpallidum Lutz (2.35%). Regarding the identification of indicator species, S. pertinax, Simulium jujuyense Paterson & Shannon, S. subpallidum and Simulium orbitale Lutz stood out in mouth stretches, and Simulium rubrithorax Lutz in source stretches. Environmental variables such as conductivity, altitude, canopy cover and stream width were interpreted as important conditioning factors for the distribution of simuliid immature stages. In general, we concluded that Simuliidae are more abundant during spring in the study area, mainly downstream. This information may contribute to the implementation of efficient measures to control species of health importance in southern Brazil.

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“…Our study was not comprehensive as some taxa would have been missed, given that some occur as larvae and pupae only in certain periods of the season (e.g., univoltine species that pupate during late spring or summer) when we were not able to sample. Besides, regarding the environmental variables, some authors have demonstrated that simuliid species composition varies throughout rivers, streams and rivulets according to elevation (McCreadie et al 2005;Mantilla et al 2018;Jitklang et al 2020). Moreover, the water temperature is a very well-known environmental variable associated with Simuliidae species distribution (McCreadie et al 2005;Bernotienë 2006, Nascimento et al 2007Jitklang et al 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, regarding the environmental variables, some authors have demonstrated that simuliid species composition varies throughout rivers, streams and rivulets according to elevation (McCreadie et al 2005;Mantilla et al 2018;Jitklang et al 2020). Moreover, the water temperature is a very well-known environmental variable associated with Simuliidae species distribution (McCreadie et al 2005;Bernotienë 2006, Nascimento et al 2007Jitklang et al 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological characteristics of pre-imaginal stages of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in southern England

et al. 2021

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After adult blackflies were found in traps deployed in mosquito surveys, rivers and streams close to the traps' locations were examined for the presence of preimaginal stages. The data obtained were supplemented by additional surveys and analysed in relation to environmental factors. Fourteen taxa from 29 locations were recorded. Of these, seven are of medical and/or veterinary importance: S. equinum, S. erythrocephalum, S. intermedium sensu lato (s.l., a complex of species), S. lineatum, S. morsitans, S. noelleri and S. ornatum sensu lato (a complex of species). Analyses of a variety of environmental factors recorded at the insects' breeding sites showed that, by considering larvae and pupae together, the differences in the assemblages of blackfly species were explained by four variables: river depth, temperature, conductivity and elevation

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Ecology of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in streams of northern and southern Thailand: Factors associated with larval and pupal distributions

Cited by 12 publications

References 58 publications

Surveillance along the Rio Grande during the 2020 Vesicular Stomatitis Outbreak Reveals Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of and Viral RNA Detection in Black Flies

Surveillance along the Rio Grande during the 2020 Vesicular Stomatitis Outbreak Reveals Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of and Viral RNA Detection in Black Flies

Spatio-temporal distribution of preimaginal black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in streams of a sub-basin of the Uruguay river basin, southern Brazil

Ecological characteristics of pre-imaginal stages of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in southern England

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