Ecology of brucellosis of the European hare in the Czech Republic

Pikula, Jiří; Beklová, Miroslava; Holešovská, Z.; Skocovska, B.; Treml, F.

doi:10.17221/5602-vetmed

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, the livestock here are predominantly yak and antelope, rather than sheep or goats. These animals are generally farmed by free-range feeding methods, thus minimising human-animal contact [ 36 , 37 ]. Based on the ADL modelling in the four provinces with the severest epidemics of human brucellosis, we showed that the temporal trend of monthly incidence was influenced by temperature and sunshine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological features and risk factors associated with the spatial and temporal distribution of human brucellosis in China

et al. 2013

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Background: Human brucellosis incidence in China has been increasing dramatically since 1999. However, epidemiological features and potential factors underlying the re-emergence of the disease remain less understood. Methods: Data on human and animal brucellosis cases at the county scale were collected for the year 2004 to 2010. Also collected were environmental and socioeconomic variables. Epidemiological features including spatial and temporal patterns of the disease were characterized, and the potential factors related to the spatial heterogeneity and the temporal trend of were analysed using Poisson regression analysis, Granger causality analysis, and autoregressive distributed lag (ADL) models, respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological features and risk factors associated with the spatial and temporal distribution of human brucellosis in China

et al. 2013

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“…The geographical distribution of biovar 2 has historically occurred in a broad range between Scandinavia and the Balkans. In recent years, several reports of B. suis biovar 2 infections in wild boar and the European hare have been published from the Iberian peninsula (61) to central Europe (73,91).…”

Section: Brucella Suismentioning

confidence: 99%

Brucellosis in terrestrial wildlife

Godfroid¹,

Garin‐Bastuji²,

Saegerman³

et al. 2013

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

128

104

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The epidemiological link between brucellosis in wildlife and brucellosis in livestock and people is widely recognised. When studying brucellosis in wildlife, three questions arise: (i) Is this the result of a spillover from livestock or a sustainable infection in one or more host species of wildlife? (ii) Does wildlife brucellosis represent a reservoir of Brucella strains for livestock? (iii) Is it of zoonotic concern? Despite their different host preferences, B. abortus and B. suis have been isolated from a variety of wildlife species, whereas B. melitensis is rarely reported in wildlife. The pathogenesis of Brucella spp. in wildlife reservoirs is not yet fully defi ned. The prevalence of brucellosis in some wildlife species is very low and thus the behaviour of individual animals, and interactions between wildlife and livestock, may be the most important drivers for transmission. Since signs of the disease are non-pathognomonic, defi nitive diagnosis depends on laboratory testing, including indirect tests that can be applied to blood or milk, as well as direct tests (classical bacteriology and methods based on the polymerase chain reaction [PCR]). However, serological tests cannot determine which Brucella species has induced anti-Brucella antibodies in the host. Only the isolation of Brucella spp. (or specifi c DNA detection by PCR) allows a defi nitive diagnosis, using classical or molecular techniques to identify and type specifi c strains. There is as yet no brucellosis vaccine that demonstrates satisfactory safety and effi cacy in wildlife. Therefore, controlling brucellosis in wildlife should be based on good management practices. At present, transmission of Brucella spp. from wildlife to humans seems to be linked to the butchering of meat and dressing of infected wild or feral pig carcasses in the developed world, and infected African buffalo in the developing world. In the Arctic, the traditional consumption of raw bone marrow and the internal organs of freshly killed caribou or reindeer is an important risk factor.

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“…It is accepted that both species play a relevant role as a brucellosis reservoir for domestic pigs, even under natural environmental conditions [3,15,19]. In fact, both wildlife species have been directly involved in the transmission of infection to domestic pigs reared in outdoor farms [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brucellosis caused by B. suis biovar 2 is frequently reported in the Eurasian wild boar ( Sus scrofa ) and the European brown hare ( Lepus europaeus ), and apparent prevalence ranging from 8 to 32% has been reported in wild boar in the EU [ 10 , 14 - 18 ]. It is accepted that both species play a relevant role as a brucellosis reservoir for domestic pigs, even under natural environmental conditions [ 3 , 15 , 19 ]. In fact, both wildlife species have been directly involved in the transmission of infection to domestic pigs reared in outdoor farms [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution and risk factors of Brucellosis in Iberian wild ungulates

et al. 2010

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BackgroundThe role of wildlife as a brucellosis reservoir for humans and domestic livestock remains to be properly established. The aim of this work was to determine the aetiology, apparent prevalence, spatial distribution and risk factors for brucellosis transmission in several Iberian wild ungulates.MethodsA multi-species indirect immunosorbent assay (iELISA) using Brucella S-LPS antigen was developed. In several regions having brucellosis in livestock, individual serum samples were taken between 1999 and 2009 from 2,579 wild bovids, 6,448 wild cervids and4,454 Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa), and tested to assess brucellosis apparent prevalence. Strains isolated from wild boar were characterized to identify the presence of markers shared with the strains isolated from domestic pigs.ResultsMean apparent prevalence below 0.5% was identified in chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica), Iberian wild goat (Capra pyrenaica), and red deer (Cervus elaphus). Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), fallow deer (Dama dama), mouflon (Ovis aries) and Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) tested were seronegative. Only one red deer and one Iberian wild goat resulted positive in culture, isolating B. abortus biovar 1 and B. melitensis biovar 1, respectively. Apparent prevalence in wild boar ranged from 25% to 46% in the different regions studied, with the highest figures detected in South-Central Spain. The probability of wild boar being positive in the iELISA was also affected by age, age-by-sex interaction, sampling month, and the density of outdoor domestic pigs. A total of 104 bacterial isolates were obtained from wild boar, being all identified as B. suis biovar 2. DNA polymorphisms were similar to those found in domestic pigs.ConclusionsIn conclusion, brucellosis in wild boar is widespread in the Iberian Peninsula, thus representing an important threat for domestic pigs. By contrast, wild ruminants were not identified as a significant brucellosis reservoir for livestock.

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Ecology of brucellosis of the European hare in the Czech Republic

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Epidemiological features and risk factors associated with the spatial and temporal distribution of human brucellosis in China

Epidemiological features and risk factors associated with the spatial and temporal distribution of human brucellosis in China

Brucellosis in terrestrial wildlife

Spatial distribution and risk factors of Brucellosis in Iberian wild ungulates

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