Ecology of Lower Oomycetes

Strittmatter, Martina; Gachon, Claire M. M.; Küpper, Frithjof C.

doi:10.1002/9780470475898.ch2

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…This may well be due to the availability of material for study as such disease outbreaks often go undocumented and mycologists fail to sample on a wide enough scale. However, over the past 5 years there has been a reawaking of interest in this topic (Sekimoto et al 2007(Sekimoto et al , 2008aGachon et al 2006Gachon et al , 2009Strittmatter et al 2009;Loque et al 2009;Kubanek et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Seventy five species were isolated (27 filamentous fungi, 48 yeasts) belonging to the genera Geomyces, Antarctomyces, Oidiodendron, Penicillium, Phaeosphaeria, Aureobasidium, Cryptococcus, Leucosporidium, Metschnikowia and Rhodotorula. Chytrids and the Chromistan (Straminipiles) oomycetes parasitic on algae have also attracted interest (Sekimoto et al 2008a, b;Strittmatter et al 2009;Gachon et al 2006Gachon et al , 2009Gachon et al , 2010. Many of these studies have been concerned with commercially important algae, e.g.…”

Section: Algicolous Fungimentioning

confidence: 98%

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Fifty years of marine mycology

Jones

2011

Fungal Diversity

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Marine fungi have been widely studied over the past millennium and considerable progress has been made in documenting their phylogeny, biodiversity, ultrastructure, ecology, physiology and their ability to cause decay of lignocellulosic compounds. These studies have generated a wealth of publications and this review will focus primarily on research undertaken since 1995. During this period new topics have attracted marine mycologists especially: algicolous and manglicolous fungi, deep sea fungi, planktonic fungi, endophytes of marine plants, and the screening of taxa for new chemical structures and bioactive compounds. This review will also highlight areas that warrant further investigation, including surveys for marine fungi in Africa, artic waters and south America, more detailed studies of their physiology and biochemistry, and to determine the marine origin of so called "marine derived" fungi.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Algicolous Fungimentioning

confidence: 98%

Fifty years of marine mycology

Jones

2011

Fungal Diversity

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“…There are more than 50 references in the peer-reviewed literature on the "red rot" disease of Porphyra (Gachon et al 2010), whereas Olpidiopsis disease has received less attention (e.g., Migita 1969Migita , 1973Song et al 1993;Sekimoto et al 2008Sekimoto et al , 2009Strittmatter et al 2009). During the "red rot," the motile fungal zoospores of P. porphyrae recognize and process host-specific signals by membrane bound receptors (Addepalli et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Host–parasite interactions and host species susceptibility of the marine oomycete parasite, Olpidiopsis sp., from Korea that infects red algae

et al. 2011

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Porphyra farms in Korea occasionally suffer from Olpidiopsis infection. As Porphyra farming proceeds from October to March, this obligatory biotrophic parasite may need an alternative host to survive during other months of the year. To find a possible alternative summer host, we collected algae from Wando, Korea, where extensive Porphyra plantations are located, and discovered an oomycete assignable to the genus Olpidiopsis from Heterosiphonia pulchra. Host susceptibility tests showed that this oomycete could also infect Heterosiphonia japonica, Dasya sp., Dasysiphonia chejuensis, and also blades of Porphyra tenera. The minimum incubation time for this Olpidiopsis sp. to infect its hosts was approximately 4 h. Zoosporangia matured in 2 days and biflagellate zoospores were released. Free zoospores remained infective in seawater for up to 7 days. The infection of Olpidiopsis sp. to H. japonica was cell-type specific and extended rhizoid-like apical cells of determinate branches were preferentially infected. FITC-conjugated lectin staining showed specific binding of concanavalin A (ConA) to extended rhizoidlike apical cells. Attachment of Olpidiopsis sp. zoospores to the host cells was inhibited by α-mannosidase.Monosaccharide inhibition experiments showed that D(+)-mannose, complementary to the lectin ConA, could also block the infection, suggesting a lectin-carbohydrate interaction during host-parasite recognition.

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“…The infection of Porphyra (commonly called nori) by Olpidiopsis porphyrae and O. bostrychiae has been shown to cause signifi cant decreases in nori production (Fujita 1990;Gachon et al 2010). Eurychasma dicksonii is currently considered the most common and widespread species of marine fungal-like organisms (Sparrow 1960;Strittmatter et al 2009), see Table 11.1 . This parasite has mainly been reported as affecting populations of the fi lamentous brown alga Pylaiella littoralis , causing so-called brown tides (Wilce et al 1982), but has also shown a broad host range, infecting other brown algae such as Ectocarpus sp.…”

Section: Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of the taxa of Oomycetes listed in Table 11.1 are parasites of algae (reviewed in Strittmatter et al 2009). Diseases caused by these organisms appear to be host-specifi c and show characteristic symptoms, such as changes in color, rot lesions and abnormal growth in the host (Li et al 2010).…”

Section: Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

11 Hyphochytriomycota, Oomycota and Perkinsozoa (Super-group Chromalveolata )

Marano¹,

Pires-Zottarelli²,

Souza³

et al. 2012

Marine Fungi and Fungal-Like Organisms

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Cavalier -Smith (2002) established the name Chromalveolata by hypothesizing the presence of a common plastid in the dinofl agellates and heterokonts, which is thought to have arisen from a single event of secondary endosymbiosis with an ancestral red alga (Cavalier-Smith 1999;Adl et al. 2005). The name specifi cally refers to the bag-like sacs called alveoli that underlie the cell membrane ( alveus , Lat. = small cavity) and to the fact that many members in this group are photosynthetic ( chroma , Lat. = color).There are six lineages within the Chromalveolata : apicomplexans , ciliates , cryptomonads , dinofl agellates , haptophytes and stramenopiles . The apicomplexans, ciliates, dinofl agellates and stramenopiles form a monophyletic assemblage, while the cryptomonads and haptophytes form a weakly-supported group (Harper et al. 2005;Hackett et al. 2007). Cryptomonads, haptophytes, and stramenopiles are grouped in the Chromista based on the shared features of their plastids (i.e., the presence of four bounding membranes and confl uence of the outermost plastid membrane with the nuclear envelope). The Alveolata contain the apicomplexans, ciliates and dinofl agellates and, in contrast to the Chromistan groups, their outermost plastid membrane is not connected to the nuclear membrane (Schnepf and Elbr ä chter 1999).Recently, Strittmatter et al. (2009) reviewed the current knowledge of basal lineages of marine Oomycetes . Most groups of marine fungal-like organisms have been poorly explored, however, mainly due to methodological limitations, the limited number of researchers working on marine fungal-like taxa, and the biotrophic lifecycle of most parasitic forms.In this chapter we will briefl y review the information available on marine and estuarine Chromalveolata , sensu Adl et al. (2005), which includes the Alveolata , the Stramenopiles (or Chromista ), the Haptophyta, and the Cryptophyceae . In particular, we will focus on the heterotrophic members of the super-group, i.e., the phyla Oomycota and Hyphochytriomycota within the subgroup Chromista (commonly referred to as " heterotrophic stramenopiles " or " heterokonts " ) and the Perkinsozoa ( " perkinsids " ) within the subgroup Alveolata. The fungal-like Labyrinthulomycota and the Phytomyxea will be addressed in the following two chapters of this book (Chapters 12 and 13). Species names used in this contribution are taken from the current scientifi c names in Index Fungorum ( www.indexfungorum.org ), from MycoBank ( www.mycobank.org ) for fungallike organisms and Algaebase ( www.algaebase.org ) for algae.

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Ecology of Lower Oomycetes

Cited by 18 publications

References 99 publications

Fifty years of marine mycology

Fifty years of marine mycology

Host–parasite interactions and host species susceptibility of the marine oomycete parasite, Olpidiopsis sp., from Korea that infects red algae

11 Hyphochytriomycota, Oomycota and Perkinsozoa (Super-group Chromalveolata )

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