Ecology of spring-migrating Anatidae: a review

Arzel, Céline; Elmberg, Johan; Guillemain, Matthieu

doi:10.1007/s10336-006-0054-8

Cited by 138 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…It is our thesis that the causal link behind this association is the absolute necessity to arrive on the breeding grounds with adequate body stores. Arzel et al (2006) have provided a massive compilation and point out that information on ducks (19 species tabulated) is often inadequate to decide whether endogenous or exogenous sources are relied on, in contrast to the dominant pattern of an endogenous contribution in geese and swans. In contrast to geese, ducks are more amenable to long-term feeding experiments in captivity and the results reported by Barboza and Jorde (2002) for A. rubripes would repay following up to quantify the endogenous component in egg production and incubation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migratory connectivity in Arctic geese: spring stopovers are the weak links in meeting targets for breeding

Drent

Eichhorn

Flagstad³

et al. 2007

J Ornithol

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Linking spring migratory itineraries of individual Arctic-breeding geese to their eventual breeding success has provided evidence that accumulation of body stores (protein, fat) at stop-over sites is crucial. We show that this is because geese nesting in the Arctic depend at least in part on these stores for synthesis of eggs and supporting incubation (for the female, a phase of starvation). Estimates of the body stores needed for successful reproduction (eggs + incubation) in relation to measured rates of accumulation of these stores make clear that meeting the demands solely by feeding at the breeding grounds is not an option for geese. The time constraint does not allow this, because early laying is a necessity in the Arctic to ensure survival of the progeny. Although the parents can exploit the early spring growth along the flyway, they get ahead of the wave of growth when they arrive on the breeding site and hence the parental timetable can only be met by drawing on body stores. Results from tracking studies in six goose species underline the conclusion that egg formation commences along the flyway before arrival at the nesting colony. In some cases, signatures of stable isotopes in egg components and parental body tissues in relation to the signature in forage plants support the notion of a mixed endogenous/exogenous origin. The close match between migratory timing and the spring flush of plant foods makes geese particularly vulnerable to the impact of climate change. There is an increasing mismatch along the NE Atlantic Flyway, where a warming trend in NW Europe conflicts with stable or even cooling trends in the Arctic target areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migratory connectivity in Arctic geese: spring stopovers are the weak links in meeting targets for breeding

Drent

Eichhorn

Flagstad³

et al. 2007

J Ornithol

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“…Besides, the effects of LPAI infection per se on staging time and body condition were also affected by sex, age, month and year, just as in many other large migratory birds (Lindströ m 1995;Berthold 2001). Moreover, the ornithological literature abounds with examples of how body condition affects individual migration strategies and subsequent population patterns (Berthold 2001;Arzel et al 2006). Yet, the LPAI infection status of mallards while at Ottenby did not affect subsequent migration as analysed here (speed of migration and recovery distance).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of influenza A virus infection on migrating mallard ducks

Latorre‐Margalef

Gunnarsson

Munster³

et al. 2008

Proc. R. Soc. B.

179

210

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The natural reservoir of influenza A virus is waterfowl, particularly dabbling ducks (genus Anas). Although it has long been assumed that waterfowl are asymptomatic carriers of the virus, a recent study found that low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI ) infection in Bewick's swans (Cygnus columbianus bewickii ) negatively affected stopover time, body mass and feeding behaviour. In the present study, we investigated whether LPAI infection incurred ecological or physiological costs to migratory mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) in terms of body mass loss and staging time, and whether such costs could influence the likelihood for long-distance dispersal of the avian influenza virus by individual ducks. During the autumn migrations of 2002-2007, we collected faecal samples (nZ10 918) and biometric data from mallards captured and banded at Ottenby, a major staging site in a flyway connecting breeding and wintering areas of European waterfowl. Body mass was significantly lower in infected ducks than in uninfected ducks (mean difference almost 20 g over all groups), and the amount of virus shed by infected juveniles was negatively correlated with body mass. There was no general effect of infection on staging time, except for juveniles in September, in which birds that shed fewer viruses stayed shorter than birds that shed more viruses. LPAI infection did not affect speed or distance of subsequent migration. The data from recaptured individuals showed that the maximum duration of infection was on average 8.3 days (s.e. 0.5), with a mean minimum duration of virus shedding of only 3.1 days (s.e. 0.1). Shedding time decreased during the season, suggesting that mallards acquire transient immunity for LPAI infection. In conclusion, deteriorated body mass following infection was detected, but it remains to be seen whether this has more long-term fitness effects. The short virus shedding time suggests that individual mallards are less likely to spread the virus at continental or intercontinental scales.

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“…Among hunted birds, ducks (family Anatidae) are the most important game worldwide, and they have long been focal organisms in wildlife ecology. However, even for the best studied duck species, significant gaps remain in the understanding of time use, especially from a circumannual perspective (see review in Arzel et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A flyway perspective of foraging activity in Eurasian Green-winged Teal,Anas crecca crecca

2007

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Time-activity budgets in the family Anatidae are available for the wintering and breeding periods. We present the first flyway-level study of foraging time in a long-distance migrant, the Eurasian Green-winged Teal, Anas crecca crecca L., 1758 (''Teal''). Behavioral data from early and late spring staging, breeding, and molting sites were collected with standardized protocols to explore differences between the sexes, seasons, and diel patterns. Teal foraging activity was compared with that of the Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos L., 1758 and Northern Shoveler, Anas clypeata L., 1758, and the potential effects of duck density and predator-caused disturbance were explored. In early spring, foraging time was moderate (50.5%) and mostly nocturnal (45%). It increased dramatically in all three species at migration stopovers and during molt, mostly because of increased diurnal foraging, while nocturnal foraging remained fairly constant along the flyway. These patterns adhere to the ''income breeding'' strategy expected for this species. No differences between the sexes were recorded in either species studied. Teal foraging time was positively correlated with density of Teal and all ducks present, but negatively correlated with predator disturbance. Our study suggests that Teal, in addition to being income breeders, may also be considered as income migrants; they find the energy necessary to migrate at staging sites along the flyway.Résumé : Les budgets-temps des Anatidae sont disponibles pour les périodes d'hivernage et de reproduction. Nous pré-sentons la première étude, à l'échelle d'une voie de migration, du temps d'approvisionnement d'un migrateur de longue distance, la sarcelle d'hiver, Anas crecca crecca L., 1758. Les données comportementales de début et fin de migration printanière, reproduction et mue ont été obtenues, avec le même protocole, afin de tester les différences entre sexes, saisons et variations nycthémérales. L'approvisionnement des sarcelles est comparé à celui des canards colverts, Anas platyrhynchos L., 1758, et des canards souchets, Anas clypeata L., 1758; les effets de la densité de canards et du dérangement par les prédateurs sont également testés. Au début du printemps, le temps d'approvisionnement était court (50,5 %), et essentiellement nocturne (45 %). Il augmentait ensuite de façon spectaculaire pour les trois espèces sur les haltes migratoires et durant la mue (principalement à cause de l'approvisionnement diurne, l'approvisionnement nocturne étant constant). Ceci s'accorde avec la stratégie de « reproducteur sur revenu » attendue chez ces espèces. Aucune différence inter-sexe n'a été relevée chez les espèces étudiées. Le temps d'approvisionnement des sarcelles était corrélé positivement avec leur densité et celle de l'ensemble des canards présents et négativement avec le dérangement par les prédateurs. Les sarcelles seraient des reproducteurs mais également des migrateurs sur revenu, trouvant l'énergie nécessaire à leur migration en route.

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Ecology of spring-migrating Anatidae: a review

Cited by 138 publications

References 96 publications

Migratory connectivity in Arctic geese: spring stopovers are the weak links in meeting targets for breeding

Migratory connectivity in Arctic geese: spring stopovers are the weak links in meeting targets for breeding

Effects of influenza A virus infection on migrating mallard ducks

A flyway perspective of foraging activity in Eurasian Green-winged Teal,Anas crecca crecca

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