Ecology of the Leishmania Species in the Guianan Ecoregion Complex

Rotureau, Brice

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2006.74.81

Cited by 74 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 182 publications

(268 reference statements)

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“…This might be explained by the methodology used in our work and also the higher levels of deforestation and degraded living conditions in our studied area. Notably, all infected sandflies were found in the peridomicile areas where we could observe a large number of animals, mainly chickens and dogs (Moreira et al 2003, Rotureau 2006.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmania infection in humans, dogs and sandflies in a visceral leishmaniasis endemic area in Maranhão, Brazil

Felipe

Aquino

Kuppinger

et al. 2011

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is considered an important neglected disease that affects many countries of the world (Desjeux 2004). On the American continent, VL is caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania chagasi, which is transmitted to humans and other vertebrate hosts (e.g., dogs) through the bite of a female sandfly. Lutzomyia longipalpis is considered to be the main vector for VL in Brazil (Lainson & Rangel 2005).A high proportion of L. chagasi infected persons do not present any clinical symptoms of disease, even after a long incubation period (asymptomatic form) (Evans et al. 1992, Romero et al. 2009). Cohort studies in Brazil have described detection of asymptomatic seroconvertors with a sensitive and specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test using crude antigens from promastigotes (Badaró et al. 1986a, c) Malnutrition is considered one of the most important factors associated with the development of clinical symptoms of leishmaniasis (Alvar et al. 2006). The high frequency of Leishmania infection found in human beings, dogs and Lu. longipalpis in previous studies in the municipality of Raposa, state of Maranhão (MA), Brazil, may also be associated with poverty (Caldas et al. 2001(Caldas et al. , 2002.Notably, the current knowledge on the epidemiology of VL is mainly based on studies examining the prevalence of Leishmania infections only among humans. There are few studies that simultaneously examine L. chagasi infection across several known hosts and carriers. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the asymptomatic L. chagasi infection rates in human beings, dogs and the vector Lu. longipalpis in the VL endemic area of Raposa. PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODSThe study was performed from August 2006-July 2008 in Vila Maresia, Vila Marisol and Vila Pantoja; all three neighbourhoods are located in the municipality of Raposa situated in the northern coastal region of MA, approximately 28 km from the state capital, São Luis (Figure).In this study, the inclusion criteria for human subjects were the following: living in an endemic area for more than six months, no signs and symptoms of VL (fever for more than 2 weeks, hepatosplenomegaly, weight loss or mucocutaneous pallor) and no previous history of VL. As exclusion criteria, we considered a history of treatment for VL (including treatment failures and relapses), individuals with known immunodeficiency or currently using immunosuppressants and comorbidities (evidence of other conditions leading to splenomegaly, such as schistosomiasis and malaria).In a preliminary census survey, we found 1,417 inhabitants, 986 (70%) of whom participated in the study. This 30% loss was mainly due to internal and external migrations, as well as refusal to participate in the study. Overall, 986 (69.6%) out of 1,417 inhabitants that lived more than six months in the area and did not exhibit clinical VL symptoms participated in the study. From these, 857 individuals (86.9%) were from Vila Maresia, 77 individuals (7.7%) were from Vila Marisol and 52...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmania infection in humans, dogs and sandflies in a visceral leishmaniasis endemic area in Maranhão, Brazil

Felipe

Aquino

Kuppinger

et al. 2011

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…In neighboring French Guyana L. guyanensis is the main cause of CL, although cases caused by L. braziliensis are occasionally encountered. 12 Until recently it was believed that L. guyanensis was the only species prevailing in Suriname. 13 Because of the increasing travel between Suriname and neighboring countries, like Brazil and French Guyana, it is possible that other Leishmania species, such as L. braziliensis, have been imported.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Case of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in Suriname

Kent²,

Adams³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The main causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Suriname is Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis. This case report presents a patient infected with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, a species never reported before in Suriname. This finding has clinical implications, because L. braziliensis has a distinct clinical phenotype characterized by mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, a more extensive and destructive form of CL that requires different treatment. Clinicians should be aware that chronic cutaneous ulcers in patients from the Guyana region could be caused by L. braziliensis.

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“…Although it has previously been suggested that Th. ubiquitalis does not exhibit high levels of anthropophilic behavior under field conditions (28) Nyssomyia umbratilis has been identifi ed as the main vector of L. (V.) guyanensis in northern Brazil, particularly in the Guianan ecoregion complex (31) . The fi ndings of the present study suggest that Ny.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phlebotominae sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae): potential vectors of American cutaneous leishmaniasis agents in the area associated with the Santo Antônio Hydroelectric System in Western Amazonian Brazil

Galardo

Silveira

et al. 2015

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Ecology of the Leishmania Species in the Guianan Ecoregion Complex

Cited by 74 publications

References 182 publications

Leishmania infection in humans, dogs and sandflies in a visceral leishmaniasis endemic area in Maranhão, Brazil

Leishmania infection in humans, dogs and sandflies in a visceral leishmaniasis endemic area in Maranhão, Brazil

First Case of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in Suriname

Phlebotominae sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae): potential vectors of American cutaneous leishmaniasis agents in the area associated with the Santo Antônio Hydroelectric System in Western Amazonian Brazil

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