Economic Abuse as an Invisible Form of Domestic Violence: A Multicountry Review

Postmus, Judy L.; Hoge, Gretchen L.; Breckenridge, Jan; Sharp-Jeffs, Nicola; Chung, Donna

doi:10.1177/1524838018764160

Cited by 176 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…We found no clear association between a woman's income quartile and past year economic abuse. To date, few studies have explored the relationship between women's economic participation and economic abuse [59], though concerns have been raised that economic abuse may increase as a result of economic empowerment interventions aimed at the prevention of other forms of IPV. While further research is needed to better understand the relationship between income and economic abuse, our results act as a useful reminder to those working in the field of IPV/abuse prevention, that different forms of abuse may require different types of prevention strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s income and risk of intimate partner violence: secondary findings from the MAISHA cluster randomised trial in North-Western Tanzania

et al. 2019

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Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is pervasive throughout the world, with profound consequences for women's health. While women's 'economic empowerment' is touted as a potential means to reduce IPV, evidence is mixed as to the role of different economic factors in determining women's risk. This paper explores associations and potential pathways between women's income and experience of IPV, in Mwanza city, Tanzania. Methods: We use data from married/cohabiting women (N = 740) enrolled in the MAISHA study, a cluster randomised trial of an IPV prevention intervention. Women were interviewed at baseline and 29-months later. We use logistic regression to model cross-sectional (baseline) and longitudinal associations between: a woman's monthly income (quartiles) and her past year risk of physical IPV, sexual IPV and economic abuse; and a woman's relative financial contribution to the household (same/less than partner; more than partner) and past year physical IPV and sexual IPV. Results: At baseline, 96% of respondents reported earning an income and 28% contributed more financially to the household than their partner did. Higher income was associated with lower past-year physical IPV risk at baseline and longitudinally, and lower sexual IPV at baseline only. No clear associations were seen between income and economic abuse. Higher relative financial contribution was associated with increased physical IPV and sexual IPV among all women at baseline, though only among control women longitudinally. Higher income was associated with several potential pathways to reduced IPV, including reduced household hardship, fewer arguments over the partner's inability to provide for the family, improved relationship dynamics, and increased relationship dissolution. Those contributing more than their partner tended to come from more disadvantaged households, argue more over their partner's inability to provide, and have worse relationship dynamics. Conclusions: While women's income was protective against IPV, women who contributed more financially than their partners had greater IPV risk. Poverty and tensions over men's inability to provide emerge as potentially important drivers of this association. Interventions to empower women should not only broaden women's access to economic resources and opportunities, but also work with women and men to address men's livelihoods, male gender roles and masculinity norms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s income and risk of intimate partner violence: secondary findings from the MAISHA cluster randomised trial in North-Western Tanzania

et al. 2019

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“…Thus, informal helping reactions might be chosen when the incident is perceived as less severe [ 60 , 70 ]. Even today, society continues to relate IPVAW mainly with physical violence, without considering the damage of other forms, such as sexual (e.g., forcing a partner to have sex) or psychological violence (e.g., control over a partner or yelling) [ 71 , 72 ]. Likewise, prior research indicated a smaller “bystander effect”—that is, intervention is less likely when more individuals are present—is found when victims belong to in-group or victims were known, such as our targeted population [ 63 , 70 , 73 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Helping Reactions to Intimate Partner Violence against Women in European Countries: The Role of Gender-Related Individual and Macrosocial Factors

Serrano-Montilla

Valor-Segura

Padilla

et al. 2020

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Public helping reactions are essential to reduce a victim’s secondary victimization in intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) cases. Because gender-related characteristics have been linked widely to IPVAW prevalence, the study aimed to examine individual attitudes and perceptions toward different forms of violence against women, as well as gender-related macrosocial ideological and structural factors, in explaining helping reactions to IPVAW across 28 European countries. We performed multilevel logistic regression analysis, taking measures from the Eurobarometer 2016 (N = 7115) and the European Institute for Gender Equality datasets. Our study revealed a greater individual perceived IPVAW prevalence, positive perception about the appropriateness of a legal response to psychological and sexual violence against women partners, and less VAW-supportive attitudes predicted helping reactions (i.e., formal, informal), but not negative reactions to IPVAW. Moreover, individuals from European countries with a greater perceived IPVAW prevalence and gender equality preferred formal reactions to IPVAW. Otherwise, in the European countries with lesser perceived IPVAW prevalence and negative perceptions about the appropriate legal response to psychological and sexual violence, people were more likely to provide informal reactions to IPVAW. Our results showed the role of gender-related characteristics influenced real reactions toward known victim of IPVAW.

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“…Further research could explore if and how regret and hopelessness amongst older women differs from shame and stigma as currently measured and reported amongst women of reproductive age, and further elucidate its impacts on psychosocial well-being. In addition, economic and financial abuse appeared to be correlated and interlinked with older women's experiences of violence, and barriers to leaving abusive relationships; terminology and definitions of these forms of abuse are varied and often unclear, and measures often cover several constructs [109]. While there is some growing consistency in how economic and financial aspects of abuse are conceptualized and measured, there is more work needed on how to assess economic or financial abuse, and understand its linkages with physical and mental health outcomes.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Violence against older women: A systematic review of qualitative literature

2020

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The majority of the existing evidence-base on violence against women focuses on women of reproductive age (15-49), and globally there is sparse evidence concerning patterns of and types of violence against women aged 50 and older. Improved understanding of differing patterns and dynamics of violence older women experienced is needed to ensure appropriate policy or programmatic responses. To address these gaps in the evidence, we conducted a systematic review of qualitative literature on violence against older women, including any form of violence against women, rather than adopting a specific theoretical framework on what types of violence or perpetrators should be included from the outset, and focusing specifically on qualitative studies, to explore the nature and dynamics of violence against older women from the perspective of women. Following pre-planned searches of 11 electronic databases, two authors screened all identified titles, abstracts and relevant full texts for inclusion in the review. We extracted data from 52 manuscripts identified for inclusion, and conducted quality assessment and thematic synthesis from the key findings of the included studies. Results indicated that the vast majority of included studies were conducted in high-income contexts, and did not contain adequate information on study setting and context. Thematic synthesis identified several central themes, including the intersection between ageing and perceptions of, experiences of and response to violence; the centrality of social and gender norms in shaping older women's experiences of violence; the cumulative physical and mental health impact of exposure to lifelong violence, and that specific barriers exist for older women accessing community supports and health services to address violence victimization. Our findings indicated that violence against older women is prevalent and has significant impacts on physical and mental well-being of older women. Implications for policy and programmatic response, as well as future research directions, are highlighted.

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Economic Abuse as an Invisible Form of Domestic Violence: A Multicountry Review

Cited by 176 publications

References 56 publications

Women’s income and risk of intimate partner violence: secondary findings from the MAISHA cluster randomised trial in North-Western Tanzania

Women’s income and risk of intimate partner violence: secondary findings from the MAISHA cluster randomised trial in North-Western Tanzania

Public Helping Reactions to Intimate Partner Violence against Women in European Countries: The Role of Gender-Related Individual and Macrosocial Factors

Violence against older women: A systematic review of qualitative literature

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