Abstract:Seawater desalination is a way ahead to produce tap water in the Iranian coastline of the Oman sea with arid climate. The Chabahar Maritime University (CMU) desalination plant which its prototype was launched in 1994, currently using the reverse osmosis (RO) membranes is producing fresh water with a capacity of 336 m 3 /day and TDS of 400. Here, it is attempting to draw the plant overall scheme and to produce the technical documents of its constituent parts. An experimental study was conducted to estimate the … Show more
“…Also, the economic criteria included the profit maximization [229][230], and the minimization of the cost factor, which in work [231] was determined as the ratio of the water price and energy price in a hybrid system with reverse osmosis and pressure retarded osmosis. The main technological parameters for optimization included maximization of the removal of the component from solution 27,36,38,63,200,221,[232][233], minimization of the concertation [234], maximizing of the permeate concertation [35], maximizing of the recovery ratio [235], maximizing of the productivity [236][237], and minimization of the applied pressure [36]. The other direction of the optimization involved the minimization of the fouling level [238] and the minimization of the environmental impact [230].…”
Section: Optimization and Process Controlmentioning
Reverse osmosis is an essential technological separation process that has a large number of practical applications. The mathematical simulation is significant for designing and determining the most effective modes of membrane equipment operation and for a deep understanding of the processes in membrane units. This paper is an attempt at systematization and generalizing the results of the investigations dedicated to reverse osmosis simulation, which was published from 2011 to 2020. The main approaches to simulation were analyzed, and the scope of use of each of them was delineated. It was defined that computational fluid dynamics was the most used technique for reverse osmosis simulation; the intensive increase in using of molecular dynamics methods was pointed out. Since these two approaches provide the deepest insight into processes, it is likely that they will further be widely used for reverse osmosis simulations. At the same time, for the simulation of the membrane plant, it is reasonable to use the models that required the simplest solutions methods. The solution-diffusion model appears to be the most effective and flexible for these purposes. Therefore, this model was widely used in considering the period. The practical problems solved using each of the considered approaches were reviewed. Moreover, the software used for the solution of the mathematical models was regarded.
“…Also, the economic criteria included the profit maximization [229][230], and the minimization of the cost factor, which in work [231] was determined as the ratio of the water price and energy price in a hybrid system with reverse osmosis and pressure retarded osmosis. The main technological parameters for optimization included maximization of the removal of the component from solution 27,36,38,63,200,221,[232][233], minimization of the concertation [234], maximizing of the permeate concertation [35], maximizing of the recovery ratio [235], maximizing of the productivity [236][237], and minimization of the applied pressure [36]. The other direction of the optimization involved the minimization of the fouling level [238] and the minimization of the environmental impact [230].…”
Section: Optimization and Process Controlmentioning
Reverse osmosis is an essential technological separation process that has a large number of practical applications. The mathematical simulation is significant for designing and determining the most effective modes of membrane equipment operation and for a deep understanding of the processes in membrane units. This paper is an attempt at systematization and generalizing the results of the investigations dedicated to reverse osmosis simulation, which was published from 2011 to 2020. The main approaches to simulation were analyzed, and the scope of use of each of them was delineated. It was defined that computational fluid dynamics was the most used technique for reverse osmosis simulation; the intensive increase in using of molecular dynamics methods was pointed out. Since these two approaches provide the deepest insight into processes, it is likely that they will further be widely used for reverse osmosis simulations. At the same time, for the simulation of the membrane plant, it is reasonable to use the models that required the simplest solutions methods. The solution-diffusion model appears to be the most effective and flexible for these purposes. Therefore, this model was widely used in considering the period. The practical problems solved using each of the considered approaches were reviewed. Moreover, the software used for the solution of the mathematical models was regarded.
“…1 ). Here, in this study based on our last published article (Emamjome et al 2019 ) the theoretical modeling was modified for calculation of cost-effective part of two conceptual RO desalination plant with the capacity of 200,000 m 3 /day with different intake seawater of Oman Sea and Caspian Sea such as capital cost of the RO membrane, cost of the intake and pretreatment, and cost of membrane elements replacement. Fig.1 Topographic map of Iran and two proposed ways to transfer desalinated seawater to its central regions …”
Iran has faced with water scarcity problem for a long time. There is a strong tendency to desalinate seawater from Oman or the Caspian Sea as intake seawater and transfer it to central parts of the country. These projects face significant technical, economic, and environmental challenges. In this work, utilizing available economic theories about single-stage reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plants, the cost analysis of a conceptual plant with a production capacity of 200,000 m3/day, was accomplished assuming the use of Oman and Caspian seawater as feed. The effect of important parameters such as applied pressure, recovery ratio, total salt content of the feed, and produced water and the temperature has been studied theoretically. The results show that under the same working conditions, the final product price per cubic meter of freshwater from the Caspian Sea is $ 0.69 versus $ 1.24 for the Oman Sea, which is about 50% cheaper. The lower salinity of the Caspian Sea compared to the Oman Sea is the main reason, which lead to reduce in the capital cost of the RO membrane (62% difference), cost of the intake and pretreatment (20%), and cost of membrane elements replacement (13%) regardless of water transfer cost.
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