Economic Analysis of the Production of Amylases and Other Hydrolases byAspergillus awamoriin Solid-State Fermentation of Babassu Cake

Abstract

Amylases are one of the most important industrial enzymes produced worldwide, with their major application being in ethanol manufacturing. This work investigated the production of amylases by solid-state fermentation of babassu cake, using the filamentous fungus Aspergillus awamori IOC-3914. Lab-scale experiments were carried out to generate input data for simulations of an industrial plant for amylase production. Additionally to the target enzymes, other hydrolases (cellulases, xylanases, and proteases) were also produced, enriching the final product. The most suitable fermentation time was 144 hours, when exoamylase and endoamylase activities of 40.5 and 42.7 U g−1 were achieved, respectively. A first evaluation showed a large impact of the inoculum propagation medium on production costs. Therefore, five propagation media were compared, and PDA medium presented the best cost-benefit ratio. The credits obtained from sales of fermented cake as a coproduct enabled a significant decrease in the production cost of the enzyme product, down to 10.40 USD kg−1.

Valorization of Residual Agroindustrial Cakes by Fungal Production of Multienzyme Complexes and Their Use in Cold Hydrolysis of Raw Starch

“…As previously shown by Castro et al [53] for amylase production and by Castilho et al [54] for lipase production, SSF using babassu cake is a low-cost process and a feasible alternative for the production of industrial enzymes. Thus, the production of enzyme complexes containing amylases, cellulases, xylanases and proteases by a potentially low-cost process is a promising step towards making cold hydrolysis of starch more cost-effective and widespread.…”

Use of simulated annealing in standardization and optimization of the acerola wine production

“…The total percentage including tax, shipping, commissions, and advertising was 38%, and a makeup range of 25% was used in calculation (Almeida et al, 2013b;De Castro et al, 2010;Lopes et al, 2012).…”

Solid-State Fermentation as a Novel Paradigm for Organic Waste Valorization: A Review

“…Comparatively, a sensitivity analysis was performed indicating that the production cost using SSF was lower than SmF with an efficiency of 99.6%. Furthermore, another report studied the economic analysis of hydrolases enzyme cocktails (amylase, cellulase, xylanase, protease) by A. awamori on babassu cake in SSF suggesting that solid residues or fermented cake generated after enzyme extraction can be sold as animal feed, which in turn compensates the enzyme production costs [227].…”