Economic analysis of waste minimisation and energy recovery from spent bleaching earth

Low, Aaron; Shamsuddin, Rashid; Siyal, Ahmer Ali

doi:10.1016/j.clet.2022.100418

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Note. C = capital cost of the equipment with desired size Cb = base-case design cost (USD 235,822) [17] Q = desired capacity of the equipment (1136.84 ton/year) Qb = capacity of the base-case equipment (664.62 ton/year) [17] The value of scaling exponents between 0.6 and 0.7. In this study, a scaling exponent of 0.7 was used according to the latest study of techno-economic of coconut coir bioadsorbent [24].…”

Section: Process Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SBE can be processed directly from the temporary waste storage using a vacuum system or belt conveyor. Each batch requires 250 kg (0.025 tons) of SBE and 500 litres of hexane, but hexane tank should be filled at least twice the capacity needed to anticipate delays in supply from recovery solvent [17]. SBE and hexane are mixed in the extraction tank for 25 minutes at 55℃.…”

Section: Reactivation Of Sbementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hexane is evaporated and the vapour is condensed and returned to the hexane tank. It is assumed that 98% of hexane can be recovered, as has been done by [17], so each batch only requires 5% fresh hexane. The recovered oil content was 91%.…”

Section: Reactivation Of Sbementioning

confidence: 99%

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Economic and environmental analysis of spent bleaching earth reactivation

Handoko,

Hasanudin,

Suroso

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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One of the stages in edible oil refining is bleaching, which aims to reduce pigments, gums and metals. Bleaching produces large amounts of spent bleaching earth (SBE) solid waste. SBE is usually treated in traditional processing such as landfill, incineration, compost or using the services of third-party. This paper investigated the best scheme for reactivation of SBE based on economic and environmental aspects. The basis of economic and environmental analysis used reactivated SBE with the best treatment, i.e. extraction of residual oil using n-hexane, thermal activation at 600°C for 60 minutes, acid activation using HCl 10% with impregnation BaCl2 5% (RBE-Ba) and without impregnation (RBE). BET analysis results of RBE-Ba and RBE were obtained with a pore surface area of 160 and 150 m2/gr, a total pore of 0.209 and 0.11 cc/gr, and a total pore size of 2.62 and 6.14 nm. The reactivation schemes being compared were build a new plant (NP) in an existing factory and build a new factory (NF). The most profitable scheme is RBE NP, with ROI is 20.97 % and PBP is 3.23 years. RBE NP is more economical because there is no need to buy new land, buildings, transportation, and low cost for chemicals and labour. NPV of RBE NP is USD 446,633.71, IRR is 15%, and B/C ratio is 53.31%. Based on environmental aspect, it can reduces air pollution resulting from SBE transportation, the risk of water and air contamination, and RBE will reduce the mining of bentonites to prevent environmental damage.

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Section: Process Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reactivation Of Sbementioning

confidence: 99%

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Economic and environmental analysis of spent bleaching earth reactivation

Handoko,

Hasanudin,

Suroso

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…Sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and metal chloride are the commonly used acids to activated clay and carbon (Ndé et al ., 2019). After decolorization, a large amount of spent clay (containing 20%–50% w/w residual oil) remains which must be disposed of (Low et al ., 2022). The traditional disposal methods, such as landfilling and composting, can cause environmental problems (Zhang et al ., 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of solid acid catalyst coupled decolorization process on the physicochemical properties and bioactive and volatile compounds of sesame oil

Yu,

Wang,

Yang

et al. 2024

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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SummaryIn this study, the effects of citric acid‐loaded Hβ zeolite (F), activated clay and their modified decolorizers on the nutrients, volatile compounds and harmful substances of sesame oil in the decolorization process were evaluated. The results showed that the decolorization effect of F was second only to that of activated clay, the yield of F‐treated sesame oil sample was not significantly different from that of other decolorizers. The formation of asarinin was detected only in the sesame oil samples treated with F and H (zinc chloride‐activated clay). Compared with the activated clay‐treated sesame oil samples, the retention of tocopherols in the F‐treated sesame oil sample was significantly increased by 23.11%, and the retention of phytosterols was increased by 4.85%. The removal rate of the harmful substances Norharman and Harman in the F‐treated sesame oil sample was 96.79%, which was second only to that of the activated clay. Additionally, the removal rate of the total volatile compounds was the highest at 69.47%. The effects of different decolorizers on the sesame oil samples were closely related to the specific surface area, pore size and surface acidic sites of these decolorizers. This study could provide ideas for the industrial application of leached sesame oil, such as cosmetics and base oils.

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“…After bleaching, the process of oil separation was made by filtration of the spent bleaching earth (SBE), the quantities of SBE rejected in Tunisia are estimated at 1000 tons per year. This solid waste clay is currently disposed in landfills without any appropriate treatment and causes severe environmental problem, its storage in the open air could cause spontaneous combustion (Low et al, 2022). Currently, many studies are devoted to regenerate SBE (Abdelbasir et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regeneration and Valorization of Spent Bleaching Earth in Edible Oil Refining Industry

Benkhoud,

MANSOUR

2023

Preprint

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The spent bleaching earth (SBE) from the edible oil refining industry was successfully regenerated through an extraction process using different organic solvents for removal of residual oil, followed by through heat treatment. The total percentage of extracted oil (PEO) for the solvents used showed the following order: PEO (Hexane) > PEO (Acetone) >PEO(Xylene) >PEO(MEK)>PEO (MIBK). The experimental results showed that regeneration by extraction process is insufficient to regenerate SBE, thus requiring also a high temperature treatment. In the current study, the effects of factors, such as liquid to solid ratio [1:1-5:1], temperature [20-40°C], and stirring time [30-60min] on the efficiency of extracted oil were investigated by maceration method. In order to determine the optimal condition, the Experience Planning Methodology (EPM) was adopted. To enhance the oil bleaching efficiency the regenerated SBE by solvent extraction was also treated at different temperatures (300°C – 500°C).

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Economic analysis of waste minimisation and energy recovery from spent bleaching earth

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Economic and environmental analysis of spent bleaching earth reactivation

Economic and environmental analysis of spent bleaching earth reactivation

Effect of solid acid catalyst coupled decolorization process on the physicochemical properties and bioactive and volatile compounds of sesame oil

Regeneration and Valorization of Spent Bleaching Earth in Edible Oil Refining Industry

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