Economic and ecological optimization of electric bus charging considering variable electricity prices and CO2eq intensities

Rupp, Matthias; Rieke, Christian; Handschuh, Nils; Kuperjans, Isabel

doi:10.1016/j.trd.2020.102293

Cited by 66 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Next, Zhou et al [76] considered a ToU electricity pricing scheme and reported that the charging cost can be reduced by up to 13%. Similar results were found in [77][78][79][80]. Wang et al [81] proposed a pricing-aware real-time charging scheduling system and managed to reduce the charging cost by 24% and the electricity usage by 13%.…”

Section: Charging Managementsupporting

confidence: 68%

Smart Integration of Electric Buses in Cities: A Technological Review

et al. 2021

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This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art related to the implementation of battery electric buses (BEBs) in cities. In recent years, bus operators have started focusing on the electrification of their fleet to reduce the air pollutants in cities, which has led to a growing interest from the scientific community. This paper presents an analysis of the BEB powertrain topology and the charging technology of BEBs, with a particular emphasis on the power electronics systems. Moreover, the different key technical requirements to facilitate the operation of BEBs are addressed. Accordingly, an in-depth review on vehicle scheduling, charger location optimization and charging management strategies is carried out. The main findings concerning these research fields are summarized and discussed. Furthermore, potential challenges and required further developments are determined. Based on this analysis, it can be concluded that an accurate energy consumption assessment of their BEBs is a must for bus operators, that real-time, multi-objective smart charging management strategies with V2X features should be included when performing large bus fleet scheduling and that synchronized opportunity charging, smart green depot charging, and electric bus rapid transit can further reduce the impact on the grid. This review paper should help to enable a smarter and more efficient integration of BEBs in cities in the future.

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Section: Charging Managementsupporting

confidence: 68%

Smart Integration of Electric Buses in Cities: A Technological Review

et al. 2021

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“…This case is very particular, given the interest in achieving an energy transition in transport, evaluating the participation of each of the energetics in the fleet allowed us to know their heterogeneity. Fossil fuels are responsible for a large number of emissions, the transport sector is responsible for more than 20% of global greenhouse gas emissions, mostly emitted in cities [29,30]. Therefore, the diversification of energy in transport becomes a relevant issue for the management of climate change; the parameters were: n = 5, a = 0, 5555, w M = 1, H v = 0, 8876.…”

Section: Energeticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity: method and applications for complex systems analysis

Redondo

Garcia

Bustamante-Zamudio³

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Socio-ecological systems like another physical systems are complex systems in which are required methods for analyzes their non-linearities, thresholds, feedbacks, time lags, and resilience. This involves understanding the heterogeneity of the interactions in time and space. In this article, we carry out the proposition and demonstration of two methods that allow the calculation of heterogeneity in different contexts. The practical effectiveness of the methods is presented through applications in sustainability analysis, land transport, and governance. It is concluded that the proposed methods can be used in various research and development areas due to their ease of being considered in broad modeling frameworks as agent-based modeling, system dynamics, or machine learning, although it could also be used to obtain point measurements only by replacing values.

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“…Thus, the charging strategy will influence vehicle scheduling to a large extent. In recent years, many papers have focused on the charging of electric buses, e.g., the charging strategy of electric buses [41][42][43][44][45], the choice of charging and route [46], charging station location planning [47,48], operating cost [49][50][51], etc. Given the charging demand of electric bus and drivers' range anxiety, Xu et al (2020) developed a compact mixed-integer nonlinear programming model in order to determine the optimal locations of EV charging stations with the limitation of budget.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equations (42)- (47) give the constraints of bus scheduling. Specifically, Equation (42) limits the starting and ending stations of the overlapping segment; Equation (43) guarantees these trips can be served by the same vehicle, ← T o i,k denotes the arrival time at reverse starting station for trip i, T A,o g,k denotes the departure time from start station for trip g; Equation (44) determines the value range of departure interval for all the buses; Equations (45) and (46) indicate corresponding relationships between vehicles and trips; Equation (47) makes a constraint on the number of vehicles. Equation (48) demonstrates that the remaining battery quantity should be sufficient to complete a trip, and Equation 49represents the constraint of charging times in the daytime.…”

Section: Depreciation Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Electric Bus Scheduling Based on the Combination of All-Stop and Short-Turning Strategies

2021

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The emission of greenhouse gases from public transportation has aroused extensive public attention in recent years. Electric buses have the advantage of zero emission, which could prevent the further deterioration of environmental problems. Since 2018, the number of electric buses has exceeded that of traditional buses. Thus, it is an inevitable trend for the sustainable development of the automobile industry to replace traditional fuel buses, and developing electric buses is an important measure to relieve traffic congestion. Furthermore, the bus scheduling has a significant impact on passenger travel times and operating costs. It is common that passenger demand at different stops is uneven in a public transportation system. Since applying all-stop scheduling only cannot match the passenger demand of some stops with bus resources, this paper proposes an integrated all-stop and short-turning service for electric buses, reducing the influence of uneven ridership on load factor to enhance transit attractiveness. Simultaneously, considering the time-of-use pricing strategy used by the power sector, the combinational charging strategy of daytime and overnight is proposed to reduce electricity costs. Finally, the branch-and-price algorithm is adopted to solve this problem. Compared with all-stop scheduling, the results demonstrate a reduction of 13.5% in total time cost under the combinational scheduling.

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Economic and ecological optimization of electric bus charging considering variable electricity prices and CO2eq intensities

Cited by 66 publications

References 40 publications

Smart Integration of Electric Buses in Cities: A Technological Review

Smart Integration of Electric Buses in Cities: A Technological Review

Heterogeneity: method and applications for complex systems analysis

Optimal Electric Bus Scheduling Based on the Combination of All-Stop and Short-Turning Strategies

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