Economic and Environmental Impacts of Herbicide Tolerant and Insect Resistant Crops in the United States

Fernandez‐Cornejo, Jorge; Klotz‐Ingram, Cassandra; Heimlich, Ralph E.; Soule, Meredith J.; McBride, William D.; Jans, Sharon

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0177-0_4

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Using corn and soybean data, Marra and Piggott (2006) demonstrate that there are non-pecuniary benefits to GE crop adoption and show that farmers adopting GE crops place a monetary value on the convenience, flexibility, and increased worker safety associated with growing HT crops. -Cornejo et al (2003) show that the adoption of Bt cotton in the Southeast region (which had higher rates of Bt adoption) was associated with lower insecticide use on cotton in 1997. After controlling for other factors, a 10-percent increase in Bt corn adoption was associated with a decrease in insecticide use of 4.1 percent in 2001 (Fernandez-Cornejo and Li, 2005).…”

Section: Ht Crop Adoption Increases Farm Household Income and Has Nonmentioning

confidence: 96%

Genetically Engineered Crops in the United States

Wechsler²,

et al. 2014

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The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and, where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.

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Section: Ht Crop Adoption Increases Farm Household Income and Has Nonmentioning

confidence: 96%

Genetically Engineered Crops in the United States

Wechsler²,

et al. 2014

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“…Contrary to the generalized downward trend in pesticide usage on transgenic crops, a slight increase in herbicides applied to transgenic herbicide‐resistant soybean was observed. However, this increase in herbicides applied to soybean concurs with the shift towards less environmentally persistent herbicides, such as pendimethalin, trifluralin and metolachlor 13, 14…”

Section: Altered Pesticide Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Altered pesticide use on transgenic crops and the associated general impact from an environmental perspective

Kleter

Bhula

Bodnaruk³

et al. 2007

Pest Management Science

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The large-scale commercial cultivation of transgenic crops has undergone a steady increase since their introduction 10 years ago. Most of these crops bear introduced traits that are of agronomic importance, such as herbicide or insect resistance. These traits are likely to impact upon the use of pesticides on these crops, as well as the pesticide market as a whole. Organizations like USDA-ERS and NCFAP monitor the changes in crop pest management associated with the adoption of transgenic crops. As part of an IUPAC project on this topic, recent data are reviewed regarding the alterations in pesticide use that have been observed in practice. Most results indicate a decrease in the amounts of active ingredients applied to transgenic crops compared with conventional crops. In addition, a generic environmental indicator -- the environmental impact quotient (EIQ) -- has been applied by these authors and others to estimate the environmental consequences of the altered pesticide use on transgenic crops. The results show that the predicted environmental impact decreases in transgenic crops. With the advent of new types of agronomic trait and crops that have been genetically modified, it is useful to take also their potential environmental impacts into account.

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“…Both are among the most damaging stem borer species in Kenya [ 41 ]. C. partellus is an Asian species introduced to East Africa in the early 1930s [ 42 ], while S. calamistis is a native stem borer species that occurs in all areas of East Africa up to 2400 m above sea level [ 3 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the first such plants is maize, Zea mays L., expressing the (activated) Bt toxin [ 1 ], because one of the main pests of maize in North America, the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is difficult to control by conventional pesticides, agronomic measures, or biological control agents [ 2 ]. Bt maize has been commercially grown in the USA since 1995 [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tri-Trophic Impacts of Bt-Transgenic Maize on Parasitoid Size and Fluctuating Asymmetry in Native vs. Novel Host-Parasitoid Interactions in East Africa

Ndolo

Songa

Löveï

2018

Insects

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Environmental stress can affect trait size and cause an increase in the fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of bilateral morphological traits in many animals. For insect parasitoids, feeding of hosts on transgenic maize, expressing a Bacillus thuringiensis toxin gene is a potential environmental stressor. We compared the size of antennae, forewings, and tibia, as well as their FA values, in two parasitoids developed on two East African host species feeding on non-transgenic vs. transgenic maize. The two lepidopteran stem-borer hosts were the native Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and a recent invader, Chilo partellus Swinhoe (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). The two braconid parasitoids were the native, gregarious larval endoparasitoid Cotesia sesamiae and the recently introduced Cotesia flavipes. Both parasitoids attacked both hosts, creating evolutionarily old vs. novel interactions. Transient feeding of hosts on transgenic maize had various effects on FA, depending on trait as well as the host and parasitoid species. These effects were usually stronger in evolutionarily novel host–parasitoid associations than in the older, native ones. These parameters have capacity to more sensitively indicate the effects of potential stressors and merit further consideration.

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Economic and Environmental Impacts of Herbicide Tolerant and Insect Resistant Crops in the United States

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Genetically Engineered Crops in the United States

Genetically Engineered Crops in the United States

Altered pesticide use on transgenic crops and the associated general impact from an environmental perspective

Tri-Trophic Impacts of Bt-Transgenic Maize on Parasitoid Size and Fluctuating Asymmetry in Native vs. Novel Host-Parasitoid Interactions in East Africa

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