Economic and Environmental Performace of Straw Baler for Collection of Rice Residue Generated after Mechanical Harvesting by Combine Harvester

Pal, R. N.; Kumar, Ratan; Jalal, R. K.

doi:10.9734/cjast/2019/v37i630338

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The effective field capacity was similar to that reported by authors such as Márquez [23], but the field efficiency was much lower than that reported by other authors [24,25].…”

Section: Small Rectangular Balersupporting

confidence: 88%

Equipment Performance, Costs and Constraints of Packaging and Transporting Rice Straw for Alternative Uses to Burning in the “Parc Natural l’Albufera de València” (Spain)

2021

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Rice straw is a residue that causes significant environmental problems, as burning it causes CO2 and ash emissions, while buried waste can cause issues associated with eutrophication. The extraction of straw from fields for alternative uses may contribute to solving these problems, but research into its economic viability is necessary. The straw can be used for crop mulching, biofuel, bedding for livestock, and so on. In this study, we analyse the work carried out by straw harvesting machines (rakes, balers, bundlers, and loaders) and calculate the costs of packing, road-siding, and transportation of the straw from the rice fields to stockage points in the producer area, as well as to locations outside of the rice production area, in order to assess the viability. The costs of all elemental operations were calculated. The costs of all the operations included between raking and unloading in the producer area stocking point ranged between 28.1 and 51 EUR t−1. These costs were compared with the price of rain-fed cereal straw (wheat and barley), which is the most abundant, noting that the years in which rain-fed cereal straw reached high prices, rice straw could serve as a competitive product; however, in years when the former is cheap, it would be necessary to subsidise the harvesting of rice straw.

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“…The effective field capacity was similar to that reported by authors such as Márquez [23], but the field efficiency was much lower than that reported by other authors [24,25].…”

Section: Small Rectangular Balersupporting

confidence: 88%

Equipment Performance, Costs and Constraints of Packaging and Transporting Rice Straw for Alternative Uses to Burning in the “Parc Natural l’Albufera de València” (Spain)

2021

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“…In addition, the activity of balers improves the soil and environmental health by means of avoiding its burning (Balingbing et al 2020). A 45 fold reduction in gaseous emissions is estimated with the use of baler to collect rice straw, instead of burning (Pal et al 2019). Hence, straw baling in the combine harvested rice field is considered a technically and economically viable, and environment-friendly option for sustainable management of straw for animal feed, biofuel and other industrial uses.…”

Section: Rakers and Balersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice residue burning in Northern India: an assessment of environmental concerns and potential solutions – a review

Parihar

Narang

Dogra

et al. 2023

Environ. Res. Commun.

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Environmental alarms like climate change and rising air pollution levels in north India, particularly in the Delhi National Capital Region (NCR), draw attention to the severe issue of Rice straw burning. Straw burning is the common practice in Punjab and Haryana's Indo-Gangetic plains. Large-scale burning of residues (straw and stubble) is a severe problem that emits Green House Gases (GHGs) while polluting the air, posing health problems, and eliminating micronutrients from burned-out field. Residue management has been a problem for the paddy farmers and as time changes, it is necessary to update their practices. For the disposal of rice residue, farmers are constrained by an insufficient technology base and a lack of viable economic solutions. Technical solutions are available, classified mainly as on-site (in-situ) and off-site (ex-situ) solutions, the in-situ solution includes a variety of machines that can be used to incorporate or mulch residue efficiently. While ex-situ management allow collecting the residue from field for various applications such as energy production, briquetting, composting, paper and cardboard making, and for mushroom cultivation. Farmers in North India are not aware of the prolific alternatives for managing stubble and, therefore, consider burning as the best option. Therefore, extensive awareness programs are needed to inform farmers about economic options and the effects of stubble burning. Zero till drill, happy seeder and super Straw Management System (SMS) are recommended for the farmers, and need to be supplied in sufficient quantity to evade residue burning in these regions. Meanwhile, alternative technology for straw management constitutes an active area of research, area-specific and crop-specific applications need to be evolved. All stakeholders i.e., farmers, researchers, extension agents and policy makers need to be engaged in understanding and harnessing the full potential of using crop residues with conservation agriculture for sustainability and resilience of Indian agriculture.

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Adoption of paddy straw management techniques in Haryana: Effective approach on environmental conservation

P Sihan,

A Kumar,

S Singh

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Ecol.

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Crop residue burning directly contributes to environmental pollution and releases 149.24 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2), over 9 million tonnes of carbon monoxide (CO), 0.25 million tonnes of oxides of sulphur (SOX), 1.28 million tonnes of particulate matter and 0.07 million tonnes of black carbon. The burning of paddy straw results in extensive impacts both on and off farm, e.g. losses in soil organic matter, soil nutrients, production and productivity, air quality, biodiversity, water and energy efficiency and on human and animal health. In India, being a largest producer of rice as well as of its residue, the effects from residue burning are more severe (Yadav, R.S.2019). There are diverse set of productive techniques for paddy straw management that can be utilised such as composting, straw as a ruminant fodder, incorporated in the soil, gasification, bailing, mushroom farming, production of bio-fuel, recycling in soil, packing material and bio-char production (Pathaket al., 2010). The study on ‘Knowledge and Adoption of Paddy Straw Management Techniques in Haryana’ was conducted with following specific objectives of knowledge, adoption and constraints by the farmer in adoption of paddy straw management techniques. Majority (75 %) of the farmers were having low level of adoption regarding Paddy Straw Management Techniques. Whereas full (100%) adoption of paddy straw as animal fodder got Ist rank followed by domestic purpose got rank 2nd. The respondents had a greater level of acceptance adoption of Spreader/Shrub Master with weighted mean score of 0.95 got rank 1st.

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Economic and Environmental Performace of Straw Baler for Collection of Rice Residue Generated after Mechanical Harvesting by Combine Harvester

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Equipment Performance, Costs and Constraints of Packaging and Transporting Rice Straw for Alternative Uses to Burning in the “Parc Natural l’Albufera de València” (Spain)

Equipment Performance, Costs and Constraints of Packaging and Transporting Rice Straw for Alternative Uses to Burning in the “Parc Natural l’Albufera de València” (Spain)

Rice residue burning in Northern India: an assessment of environmental concerns and potential solutions – a review

Adoption of paddy straw management techniques in Haryana: Effective approach on environmental conservation

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