Economic and geopolitical implications of natural gas export from the East Mediterranean: The case of Lebanon

Salameh, Riwa; Chedid, R.

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111369

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Energy networks generate a diversity of interconnections and vulnerabilities between states, increasing the strategic importance of secure pipeline access in foreign policy considerations. Although natural gas and oil discoveries may create new opportunities for potential regional economic cooperation, they can also cause additional regional instability [30]. Each of these puzzles render importdependent states vulnerable to national and regional conflicts.…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although it is possible to transport natural gas in liquefied form in a way less prone to disruption, the transformation from gas to liquefied gas, the shipping and re-gasification in the importing country requires high technology terminals with storage and regasification facilities. This makes it a costlier option than building pipelines in the current context [30]. Accordingly, transporting conventional natural gas requires infrastructure and stability in the region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does natural gas fuel civil war? Rethinking energy security, international relations, and fossil-fuel conflict

San-Akca

Sever

Yılmaz

2020

Energy Research & Social Science

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This article advances theoretical and empirical knowledge at the nexus of energy politics and conflict intervention by analyzing the complex dynamics connecting energy resources, civil war, and outside state support of rebel groups. It focuses on the role of global energy supply competition in states’ decision to support armed groups that are involved in conflicts in other states. Further, this study enhances the extant research that focuses primarily on the resource wealth of conflict-ridden states by analyzing the effect of the interveners' resource wealth on their sponsorship of foreign non-state armed groups. This study identifies two causal paths linking energy resources, specifically natural gas, to state support of rebels by building on outside state supporters’ motives for: (1) competition over supply to global markets; and (2) secure access to resources and supply routes. The empirical section includes a large-N analysis on original data covering 454 rebel groups and their state supporters and a detailed case study of the Russian intervention in Crimea and Eastern Ukraine.

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Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does natural gas fuel civil war? Rethinking energy security, international relations, and fossil-fuel conflict

San-Akca

Sever

Yılmaz

2020

Energy Research & Social Science

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“…With the start of the exploration of the Russian Gazprom company in the region where the concession was obtained, Russia had a say in natural gas and oil as well as its military presence in the region (Atun and Atun, 2018: 8-10). Russia's involvement in the civil war by militarily supporting the Syrian regime includes the interests of Russian companies in the discovery and production of potential oil and gas reserves in the EEZ of Syria (Salameh and Chedid, 2020: 3).…”

Section: Approaches Of Non-regional Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eastern Mediterranean Energy Basin: International Conflict and Competition on the Region

Harunoğulları

2020

Lnternational Journal of Geography and Geography Education

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2011 yılında Güney Kıbrıs Rum Yönetimi (GKRY) ile İsrail arasında yapılan anlaşmayla Doğu Akdeniz'de gaz arama faaliyetlerinin resmiyet kazanmasıyla bölgede ülkeler arası enerji mücadelesi yaşanmaya başlamıştır. Bu mücadelenin tarafı sadece Doğu Akdeniz kıyıdaş ülkeleri değil aynı zamanda ABD, AB, Rusya gibi bölge dışı ülkeleridir. Bu makalede, Doğu Akdeniz'de yapılan hidrokarbon arama faaliyetleri ile gerçekleşen gaz keşiflerinin bölgesel ve küresel ölçekte yarattığı anlaşmazlığı/çatışmayı ve bölge jeopolitiği üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu araştırma, günümüzde enerji kaynakları üzerine yaşanan mücadelede Doğu Akdeniz'in küresel ve bölgesel ülkeler açısından değerini ortaya koymak bakımından önemlidir. Çalışmada coğrafi sınırlandırma dikkate alınmış ve Doğu Akdeniz havzası araştırma alanı olarak belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca havzadaki hidrokarbon enerji kaynakları ve ülkelerin bu enerji kaynakları dolayısıyla bölge politikaları çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Kapsamlı bir literatür taraması yapılmış, güncel veri ve bilimsel yayınlardan, uluslararası enerji ajanslarının raporlarından faydalanılmıştır. Araştırmada Doğu Akdeniz'in coğrafi konumu ve bu konumundan kaynaklanan değeri kavramsal çerçevede verilmiştir. Siyasi coğrafya ve enerji coğrafyası perspektifinden bölgenin stratejik ve jeopolitik önemi vurgulanmıştır. Yunanistan ve GKRY'nin, Doğu Akdeniz'de Türkiye'nin egemenlik haklarını ihlali bölgede bir çatışma yaşanmasına neden olmaktadır. Taraflar arasında yaşanan anlaşmazlık ve çözümsüzlük hem bölge ülkeleri hem de Doğu Akdeniz'de çıkar yarışına giren diğer ülkeler açısından sorunların derinleşmesine ve gerginliklerin artmasına yol açmaktadır.

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“…Moreover, the limited body of research addressing political economy aspects tends to focus exclusively on the European gas market, adopting a qualitative approach (e.g. Bilgin, 2009; Salameh & Chedid, 2020). To fill this gap, the objective of this paper is to use an econometric approach to answer the following question: to what extent do political and economic factors shape global trade in natural gas, and how does its impact diverge between PNG and LNG?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the economic and political determinants of trade in natural gas

Farag

Zaki

2023

World Economy

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This paper analyses the determinants of trade in natural gas through a political economy lens. In addition to the economic determinants of trading in natural gas, the latter could be affected by political determinants such as sanctions and the institutional gap between trading partners. Moreover, while the literature considers the effect of tariffs, less attention has been attributed to non‐tariff measures (NTMs) that might also be imposed for political reasons. To quantify the impact of these different determinants on natural gas trade, we use a gravity model that explains bilateral trade for pipeline natural gas (PNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) over the period 2000–2017. We also consider the zero trade flows of natural gas by using the Poisson pseudo‐maximum‐likelihood estimator. Our results show that economic sanctions have reduced bilateral LNG trade by 24% on average. We also find that the institutional gap between trading partners exerts a significant negative effect on bilateral PNG and LNG trade, pointing out that institutions could be considered as fixed export cost in the natural gas market. Moreover, in addition to tariffs, NTMs have a significant negative effect on trade in natural gas.

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Economic and geopolitical implications of natural gas export from the East Mediterranean: The case of Lebanon

Cited by 21 publications

References 12 publications

Does natural gas fuel civil war? Rethinking energy security, international relations, and fossil-fuel conflict

Does natural gas fuel civil war? Rethinking energy security, international relations, and fossil-fuel conflict

Eastern Mediterranean Energy Basin: International Conflict and Competition on the Region

On the economic and political determinants of trade in natural gas

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