Economic and social factors driving the third wave of democratization

Papaioannou, Elias; Siourounis, Gregorios

doi:10.1016/j.jce.2008.04.005

Cited by 120 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…This evidence is subjected to more formal specifications by Glaeser et al (2004) and Papaioannou and Siourounis (2005). Both studies confirm that education is a strong predictor of transition to democracy.…”

Section: The Empirical Relationship Between Education and Democracymentioning

confidence: 74%

“…2 Figure 1 shows the relationship between the Polity IV index of democracy (Jaggers and Marshall 2 Alvarez et al (2000), Barro (1999), Boix and Stokes (2003), Glaeser et al (2004), and Papaioannou and Siourounis (2005) also consider the relationship between income and democracy. The conclusion emerging from the 2003) and the years of schooling in the country in 1960 (Barro and Lee 2001).…”

Section: The Empirical Relationship Between Education and Democracymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hypothesis that higher education leads to more democratic politics (Lipset 1959(Lipset , 1960 has received a good deal of empirical support (Barro 1999, Glaeser et al 2004, Papaioannou and Siourounis 2005. However, the theoretical reasons for this relationship remain unexplored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Why does democracy need education?

2007

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Across countries, education and democracy are highly correlated. We motivate empirically and then model a causal mechanism explaining this correlation. In our model, schooling teaches people to interact with others and raises the benefits of civic participation, including voting and organizing. In the battle between democracy and dictatorship, democracy has a wide potential base of support but offers weak incentives to its defenders. Dictatorship provides stronger incentives to a narrower base. As education raises the benefits of civic participation, it raises the support for more democratic regimes relative to dictatorships. This increases the likelihood of democratic revolutions against dictatorships, and reduces that of successful anti-democratic coups.

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Section: The Empirical Relationship Between Education and Democracymentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: The Empirical Relationship Between Education and Democracymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Why does democracy need education?

2007

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“…The impact of openness by region shows some variation, and the authors note that commodity and petroleum exporters do not seem to become more democratic by exporting more commodities and oil (López-Córdoda and Meissner, 2005). While the impact of democracy on trade openness seems strong, there is much more discussion on the impact of trade on democracy: Rigobón and Rodrik (2004) find results totally different from those of López-Córdoba and Meissner, while Papaioannou and Siourounis (2005), find a much weaker impact of trade openness on democracy.…”

Section: Banks' Preference For Emerging Democracies: Hypothesis mentioning

confidence: 88%

Banking on Democracy

Rodríguez

Santisó

2007

OECD Development Centre Working Papers

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Comments on this paper would be welcome and should be sent to the OECD Development Centre, 2, rue André Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France; or to dev.contact@oecd.org. Documents may be downloaded from: http://www.oecd.org/dev/wp or obtained via e-mail (dev.contact@oecd.org). THE OPINIONS EXPRESSED AND ARGUMENTS EMPLOYED IN THIS DOCUMENT ARE THE SOLE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE AUTHORS AND DO NOT NECESSARILY REFLECT THOSE OF THE OECD OR OF THE GOVERNMENTS OF ITS MEMBER COUNTRIES CENTRE DE DÉVELOPPEMENT DOCUMENTS DE TRAVAILCette série de documents de travail a pour but de diffuser rapidement auprès des spécialistes dans les domaines concernés les résultats des travaux de recherche du Centre de développement. Ces documents ne sont disponibles que dans leur langue originale, anglais ou français ; un résumé du document est rédigé dans l'autre langue.Tout commentaire relatif à ce document peut être adressé au Centre de développement de l'OCDE, 2, rue André Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France; ou à dev.contact@oecd.org. Les documents peuvent être téléchargés à partir de: http://www.oecd.org/dev/wp ou obtenus via le mél (dev.contact@oecd.org).

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“…In contrast, partial democratization has a positive effect only on the expenditure 14 Since the end of the Cold War, most of the countries practicing dictatorship have nominally adopted democratic political institutions (Diamond, 2002) and thus, have become partially democratized. All the countries classified as partially democratized by Papaioannou and Siourounis (2008a) were democratized in the 1990s, except for Serbia and Montenegro and Turkey.…”

Section: Different Types Of Transitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How does democratization affect the composition of government expenditure?

Kotera

Okada

2017

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

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This study examines the effects of democratization on the size and composition of government expenditure using the data of 125 countries between 1972 and 2010 at most. Specifically, we focus not only on the total expenditure but also on their composition and employ dichotomous indices of political regimes rather than score indices. Moreover, we construct instruments for democratization based on the democratization wave and conduct an instrumental variables estimation to address endogeneity problems. Our results show that while democratization does not have a significant impact on total expenditure, it increases expenditure on health and education and decreases expenditure on defense. Furthermore, considering the time-varying effect of democratization, defense expenditure starts decreasing immediately after a regime change and health expenditure increases in the medium and long run, while they do not significantly vary before a regime change. Thus, while focusing only on total expenditure does not uncover the effects of democratization, considering detailed categories of government expenditure enables us to understand how democratization changes governments' behaviors.

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Economic and social factors driving the third wave of democratization

Cited by 120 publications

References 50 publications

Why does democracy need education?

Why does democracy need education?

Banking on Democracy

How does democratization affect the composition of government expenditure?

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