“…Accordingly, in responding to calls for research integrating the transformational leadership and LMX literatures (Gerstner & Day, 1997;Graen & Uhl-Bien, 1995;Howell & Hall-Merenda, 1999), we intend to contribute to research on laissez-faire (destructive) leadership by providing an explanation for the negative relationships between laissez-faire and affective organizational commitment, work effort, and OCB. Second, Kuvaas, Buch, Dysvik, and Haerem (2012) found that an ELMX relationship negatively related to subordinates' work performance and organizational citizenship behaviors. Such findings call for more research on potential antecedents to an ELMX relationship.…”