Economic burden of dengue in Indonesia

Abstract

BackgroundDengue is associated with significant economic expenditure and it is estimated that the Asia Pacific region accounts for >50% of the global cost. Indonesia has one of the world’s highest dengue burdens; Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are the primary and secondary vectors. In the absence of local data on disease cost, this study estimated the annual economic burden during 2015 of both hospitalized and ambulatory dengue cases in Indonesia.MethodsTotal 2015 dengue costs were calculated using both prospective and retrospective methods using data from public and private hospitals and health centres in three provinces: Yogyakarta, Bali and Jakarta. Direct costs were extracted from billing systems and claims; a patient survey captured indirect and out-of-pocket costs at discharge and 2 weeks later. Adjustments across sites based on similar clinical practices and healthcare landscapes were performed to fill gaps in cost estimates. The national burden of dengue was extrapolated from provincial data using data from the three sites and applying an empirically-derived epidemiological expansion factor.ResultsTotal direct and indirect costs per dengue case assessed at Yogyakarta, Bali and Jakarta were US$791, US$1,241 and US$1,250, respectively. Total 2015 economic burden of dengue in Indonesia was estimated at US$381.15 million which comprised US$355.2 million for hospitalized and US$26.2 million for ambulatory care cases.ConclusionDengue imposes a substantial economic burden for Indonesian public payers and society. Complemented with an appropriate weighting method and by accounting for local specificities and practices, these data may support national level public health decision making for prevention/control of dengue in public health priority lists.

Untapped Potential: A Qualitative Study of a Hospital-Based Dengue Surveillance System

“…Already now, the cost for each dengue case is estimated to be 791 USD in Yogyakarta and almost twice this amount in Jakarta and Bali. 48 Hence, improving the capacity of the staff to make a qualified judgment on who needs the test might be a better solution, which brings us to the third concern raised by this article—the quality of the staff and their access to continuous education on dengue-related matters.…”

Evaluation of Health Information System (HIS) in The Surveillance of Dengue in Indonesia: Lessons from Case in Bandung, West Java

“…Public Health 2020, 17, 1795 2 of 13 resulting in 500,000 hospitalizations and approximately 20,000 deaths [1]. Of the global population at risk, more than 70%-or about 1.8 billion people-live in the Asia-Pacific region and as such, Asians contribute the most to the overall burden of dengue [2].…”

“…Therefore, it is no surprise that the cost associated with dengue in Indonesia is considerably burdening. In a study by Shepard and colleagues, it is estimated that annual cost affiliated with dengue infection in Indonesia in 2001-2010 reached US$ 323 million [2].…”

Point-of-care thrombocyte function testing using multiple-electrode aggregometry in dengue patients: an explorative study

“…No treatment, nor an effective vaccine is available for DENV, which means that those who develop a severe form of the disease rely on supportive care, mainly consisting of the maintenance of the body-fluid volume [ 4 ]. In densely populated areas of Indonesia, such as the Java Island, DENV outbreaks can severely stress the capacity of healthcare systems, due to the large number of persons simultaneously seeking medical care [ 5 , 6 ]. Earlier studies tried to identify patients at risk of developing severe dengue by specific biomarkers, genomics, machine learning and early point-of-care ultrasound.…”