Economic Burden of Human Papillomavirus-Related Diseases in Italy

Abstract

IntroductionHuman papilloma virus (HPV) genotypes 6, 11, 16, and 18 impose a substantial burden of direct costs on the Italian National Health Service that has never been quantified fully. The main objective of the present study was to address this gap: (1) by estimating the total direct medical costs associated with nine major HPV-related diseases, namely invasive cervical cancer, cervical dysplasia, cancer of the vulva, vagina, anus, penis, and head and neck, anogenital warts, and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, and (2) by providing an aggregate measure of the total economic burden attributable to HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18 infection.MethodsFor each of the nine conditions, we used available Italian secondary data to estimate the lifetime cost per case, the number of incident cases of each disease, the total economic burden, and the relative prevalence of HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18, in order to estimate the aggregate fraction of the total economic burden attributable to HPV infection.ResultsThe total direct costs (expressed in 2011 Euro) associated with the annual incident cases of the nine HPV-related conditions included in the analysis were estimated to be €528.6 million, with a plausible range of €480.1–686.2 million. The fraction attributable to HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18 was €291.0 (range €274.5–315.7 million), accounting for approximately 55% of the total annual burden of HPV-related disease in Italy.ConclusionsThe results provided a plausible estimate of the significant economic burden imposed by the most prevalent HPV-related diseases on the Italian welfare system. The fraction of the total direct lifetime costs attributable to HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18 infections, and the economic burden of noncervical HPV-related diseases carried by men, were found to be cost drivers relevant to the making of informed decisions about future investments in programmes of HPV prevention.

Economic Burden of Schizophrenia in Italy: A Probabilistic Cost of Illness Analysis

“…Similar models have been previously applied in many studies and searches in the field of health economics evaluation [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] to represent a 1-year static estimation of the economic burden due to disease.…”

“…The review allowed systematising the available information, but this may not be representative of the real practice on a national level. To fill this gap, the Open Access model proposed a well-validated probabilistic estimate method, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] considering the variability in the literature as minimum and maximum range in which it was highly possible to obtain the real inference estimate.…”

Public health value of universal HPV vaccination

“…The annual cost in Italy of the treatment of genital warts is approximately € 37 million for females and about € 33 million for males (55). An economic analysis showed that the costs associated with GWs in men and women represented 24.3% (€ 70.9 million) of the total costs associated with HPV-6,-11,-16 and -18 diseases in Italy; preventing GWs and the associated costs alone would cover most of the costs for qHPV vaccination (55).…”

Systematic review and evidence synthesis of non-cervical human papillomavirus-related disease health system costs and quality of life estimates

“…Estimated cost per case of AGW ranged from US$124 per case in a patient seen for care in Canada25 to US$883 per case in Spain 34. AGW management costs were derived from information collected from case note reviews (13 papers),18–22 25 26 28 29 31–34 expert opinion (3 papers),16 24 35 surveillance data (3 papers)17 23 27 or the literature (1 paper) 30…”

“…Six papers reported management cost for anal cancers,30 36–40 but half of these were annual treatment costs,37 39 40 not cost per case. Cost per anal cancer case ranged from US$12 936 (Italy30) to US$51 571 (Denmark36). Twelve reported head and neck cancer treatment costs and differed depending on cancer site and stage,30 37 41–50 with costs ranging from US$6912 (laryngeal cancer, T1 carcinoma, The Netherlands48) to US$52 579 (weighted average costs for cancers of the oral cavity, larynx or oropharynx, The Netherlands45).…”