Economic burden of private tutoring at higher secondary level in Pakistan: An analysis through Hurder and Linear regression model

Abstract

Economic burden of private supplementary tutoring is increasing around the world. Demand for private supplementary tutoring, contributing factors, and their effects are investigated in the study. For this purpose, data were collected through questionnaire, and multistage non-probability technique was used. Hurder model was used to find the factors affecting demand for private supplementary tutoring at the higher secondary level. Linear regression model was used to find the economic burden of family and factors affecting the demand for private tutoring. The findings showed that several factors have a significant effect on the demand for private supplementary tutoring, and some of them significantly impact on the economic burden. The study recommends regulating the market of shadow education because of differentiated tuition fee in different tuition centers to cut down the burden of private tutoring for households.

Tutoring—An Emerging Phenomenon in the Romanian Education System

“…Tutoring is also widely spread throughout the world, especially in economically developing countries, as a result of malfunctioning education systems or as a product of competitive education systems [5]. Therefore, tutoring, as an educational activity, is characterized by the fact that it represents a form of parallel/complementary education to the education system [6,7].…”