Economic Burden of Scorpion Sting and Snake Bite from a Social Perspective in Iran

Mashhadi, I E; Kavousi, Z; Peymani, Payam; Ramhormozi, Shokrollah Salman Zadeh; Keshavarz, Khosro

doi:10.5812/semj.57573

Cited by 10 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…For wasp and bees, the cost ranged from $117 to $746,799, with an average of $20,598 ( Forrester et al, 2018 ). Another study conducted in Iran demonstrated that the cost of treatment snake bites was $ 2,104 (7,890 SR) per case, and scorpion stings cost 1192$ (4470SR) ( Mashhadi et al, 2017 ). There are additional expenses for bites and stings injuries that we are not included in this study, such as non-medical and indirect medical costs like lost earnings due to work absences, as we did not have the necessary data to calculate such cost.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The burden of bites and stings management: Experience of an academic hospital in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Khan

Al-Kathiri

Balkhi

et al. 2020

Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal

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Purpose The main aim of this study is to estimate the economic burden and prevalence of bites and stings injuries in Saudi Arabia. Methods A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC) for all bites and stings cases presented to the Emergency Department (ED) between the period June 2015 and May 2019. Results A total of 1328 bites and stings cases were treated in the ED at KSUMC. There were 886 insect bites and stings cases, 376 animal bites, 22 human bites, 34 scorpion stings, and ten snakebites. Most cases were reported in April - June. Females account for 62% of the reported cases, and the mean age was 24 years old. The total management cost of bite and sting cases during the study period was 3.4 million Saudi Riyal (SR). The spending cost of the management of animal bites was the highest as it cost 1,681,920.76 SR, followed by insect's management costing 1,228,623.68 SR. Conclusion Bites and stings have a considerable health care burden on our society. Although the vast majority of the cases were not associated with a severe life-threatening condition, many were visit ED and associated with high medical costs. Increased awareness of the hazards of animal-related injuries, especially during spring and summer, where most cases take place may lower its incidence and decrease EDs visits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The burden of bites and stings management: Experience of an academic hospital in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Khan

Al-Kathiri

Balkhi

et al. 2020

Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal

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“…However, these numbers are still relatively low when compared to prior estimates that were made based on a literature review and a modeling study (up to 6,349 and 21,245 bites per year, respectively) [ 17 ]. In the ME, Iran (5,379), followed by Israel (322), presents the highest incidence of snakebite ( Fig 4A ) [ 18 , 21 , 138 , 139 ]. Notably, estimates suggested that up to 11,079 bites occur in Iran each year (significantly more than reported), while Israel’s estimates are lower than what is reported in the literature (155) [ 17 ].…”

Section: Animal Envenomings In the Mena Region: Country-specific Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terrestrial venomous animals, the envenomings they cause, and treatment perspectives in the Middle East and North Africa

et al. 2021

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The Middle East and Northern Africa, collectively known as the MENA region, are inhabited by a plethora of venomous animals that cause up to 420,000 bites and stings each year. To understand the resultant health burden and the key variables affecting it, this review describes the epidemiology of snake, scorpion, and spider envenomings primarily based on heterogenous hospital data in the MENA region and the pathologies associated with their venoms. In addition, we discuss the venom composition and the key medically relevant toxins of these venomous animals, and, finally, the antivenoms that are currently in use to counteract them. Unlike Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, scorpion stings are significantly more common (approximately 350,000 cases/year) than snakebites (approximately 70,000 cases/year) and present the most significant contributor to the overall health burden of envenomings, with spider bites being negligible. However, this review also indicates that there is a substantial lack of high-quality envenoming data available for the MENA region, rendering many of these estimates speculative. Our understanding of the venoms and the toxins they contain is also incomplete, but already presents clear trends. For instance, the majority of snake venoms contain snake venom metalloproteinases, while sodium channel–binding toxins and potassium channel–binding toxins are the scorpion toxins that cause most health-related challenges. There also currently exist a plethora of antivenoms, yet only few are clinically validated, and their high cost and limited availability present a substantial health challenge. Yet, some of the insights presented in this review might help direct future research and policy efforts toward the appropriate prioritization of efforts and aid the development of future therapeutic solutions, such as next-generation antivenoms.

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“…Furthermore, these types of analyzes help politicians and decision-makers at a macro level to determine the priority of allocating funds for disease prevention and control ( 19 ). In Iran, many studies have been done to estimate the economic burden of diseases and health problems ( 20 , 21 ). For instance, costs for cases of scorpionism and snakebite were 50,656,424 $ and 11,317,416 $, respectively ( 20 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Iran, many studies have been done to estimate the economic burden of diseases and health problems ( 20 , 21 ). For instance, costs for cases of scorpionism and snakebite were 50,656,424 $ and 11,317,416 $, respectively ( 20 ). Nevertheless, in the case of calculating the economic burden of head lice infection, no studies have been conducted in Iran.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Burden Associated with Head Louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) Infestation in Iran

Salimi¹,

Saghafipour²,

Parsa³

et al. 2020

ijph

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Background: The head louse infestation is a public health issue in the world especially, affecting most people who live in camps, school-aged children and their families. Head lice treatment has economic ramifications that often under calculated. The aim of this study was evaluation of economic burden associated with head louse infestation in Iran. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 500,002 infestations were diagnosed among suspected head lice infested people who referred to health care system in all provinces of Iran during 2017. Direct and indirect costs related to paid by patients and government systems were extracted by referring to accounting documents and interviews with patients and experts and were recorded in researcher-made forms. Microsoft Excel 2010 software was used for economic burden calculation. Results: The incidence rate of head lice infestation in Iran was 500,002/79,926,270 (625.5 per 100,000 populations). Economic burden of head lice in the country was calculated at 5,790,143$. Direct and indirect costs, governmental cost, out of pocket and total costs of head lice were included 3.14$, 2.84$, 5.98$, 5.60$ and 11.58$ per case respectively. Conclusion: The direct and indirect costs associated with treatment of infestations were relatively high. Therefore, the creation of medical facilities such as availability of diagnostic and treatment strategies can be effective in the control of infestation. The adoption of infestation prevention methods, such as health education to people at risk of infestation, reduces the incidence of head lice and imposition of related treatment costs on governmental health care system and head lice cases.

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Economic Burden of Scorpion Sting and Snake Bite from a Social Perspective in Iran

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

The burden of bites and stings management: Experience of an academic hospital in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The burden of bites and stings management: Experience of an academic hospital in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Terrestrial venomous animals, the envenomings they cause, and treatment perspectives in the Middle East and North Africa

Economic Burden Associated with Head Louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) Infestation in Iran

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