Economic Class and Labour Market Segregation: Poor and Middle-Class Workers in Developing Asia and the Pacific

Huynh, Phu; Kapsos, Steven

doi:10.1007/978-981-287-420-7_14

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…They invest more on their children' education than the near-poor and the poor. For instance, one-fifth of the middle class in Vietnam and one quarter in Indonesia held a tertiary degree against less than one-tenth for the near-poor (Huynh and Kapsos 2013).…”

Section: The Rise Of the Middle Class In Aseanmentioning

confidence: 99%

ASEAN Economic Community: the shift from absolute to relative poverty, and the rise of the middle class

Jetin

2019

J. Bus. Econ. A.

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In 2015 ASEAN has become a community which rests on three pillars: political-security, economic and social-cultural (Jetin and Mikic, 2016). The underlying assumption is that economic development will be fostered by a regional integration deepening, namely a “single market and single production base” which should lead to a convergence of social-cultural development thanks to a catching up process of the late-comers and poorest member states vis-à-vis the more advanced ASEAN Member States (AMS) (Jetin, B. 2016a). This implies a convergence of living standards and a strong decline of poverty. The purpose of this paper is precisely to verify the existence of such a process of convergence among AMS and the nature of this convergence. Which countries are converging? How did poverty evolve and what is the social dynamics implied? Section 1 checks if the existence of ASEAN has favoured a process of convergence of living standards or in other terms a reduction of inequality between countries. In section 2, we show that in several ASEAN countries, absolute poverty has receded but has been replaced by relative, poverty which creates its own set of expectations and potential frustrations. Finally, in section 3, we focus on the emergence of the middle classes and their potential effect on the socio-economic dynamic of ASEAN countries.

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Section: The Rise Of the Middle Class In Aseanmentioning

confidence: 99%

ASEAN Economic Community: the shift from absolute to relative poverty, and the rise of the middle class

Jetin

2019

J. Bus. Econ. A.

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“…There are also marked gender differences among youth who neither work nor study, with sex-disaggregated data for Latin America revealing that the share of NEETs is markedly higher for young women (29 per cent) than for young men (12 per cent) and among women in this situation, household tasks are the declared reason. As we know from other studies of developing countries, much of the problem relates to unequal access to education with low educational enrolments among children from low-income households, especially in rural areas and especially among girls (Huynh and Kapsos, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Labour Markets, Institutions and Inequality

Berg¹

2015

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ForewordThe premise of this fine collection of essays has become unfashionable in recent decades. The rise of the neoliberal order, the Washington Consensus, 'there is no alternative' and la pensée unique, entailed a decline of professional interest, among economists, in social institutions and the structures of economic life.As part of this, trade unions, wage norms, workplace standards and social insurance programs have come to be seen by many economists and political leaders as obstacles to rather than instruments of progress. We are told -even by the King of the Netherlands -that the 'welfare state has ended'. It is to be replaced by something called the 'participation society'. The irony of hearing this from the lips of a monarch, whose family activities cost the Dutch taxpayer some 100 000 000 euros per year, was perhaps not entirely lost on his subjects. 1 Janine Berg and her colleagues at the International Labour Office present a different view. They argue that participation occurs through, and is mediated by, organizations, institutions and governments. Workers organize into unions to contest for rights in the workplace, for decent wages and social protections. Institutions consolidate gains, creating structures of precedent on which more gains can be based. In principle -if not always in practice -governments represent the expression of democratic will. Democratic politics and its consequence -the welfare state -are therefore the essence of participation and not some contradiction to it.Moreover, though battered, besieged and often declared dead, the welfare state survives. It survives because it has to. It survives because in the modern world the alternative is chaos. There is a libertarian fantasy that economies can be re-based on individual saving, self-reliance, deunionization, privatized health, education and retirement, and deregulation and de-supervision of markets. It is a fantasy with powerful backing, to be sure, but lobbies cannot turn fantasies into functional economics.In the modern world, private markets depend on the assurance of quality that only effective regulation and supervision can provide. Without that, they have a strong tendency to collapse; people will not

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“…activities. Importantly, though, "low pay" here only refers to employees; a shift to non-GSC-related activities greatly raises the chances of becoming an own-account or contributing family worker -and such individuals face a much higher risk of working poverty than do employees (Huynh and Kapsos 2013). The employment shares of women are slightly lower (and those of youth essentially the same) in sectors with a high share of GSC-related activities than in middle-income countries overall, indicating that a shift of employment growth from GSC-related activities to other activities would not place a disproportionate burden on either women or youth.…”

Section: The Changing Composition Of Employment Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

1 Stalled labour market recovery undermines social justice

Kühn¹,

Ernst²

2023

World Employ Soc Outlook

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This chapter presents the state of the world's labour markets, presenting three main findings. First, major decent work deficits persist around the world, including lack of access to employment, poverty, inequality and lack of social protection. Second, the global labour market recovery is projected to stall in 2023 amidst a worsening economic outlook. Third, the quality of jobs is equally likely to deteriorate. These profound challenges can undermine social justice.

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Economic Class and Labour Market Segregation: Poor and Middle-Class Workers in Developing Asia and the Pacific

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

ASEAN Economic Community: the shift from absolute to relative poverty, and the rise of the middle class

ASEAN Economic Community: the shift from absolute to relative poverty, and the rise of the middle class

Labour Markets, Institutions and Inequality

1 Stalled labour market recovery undermines social justice

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