Economic Development of the Late Russian Empire in a Regional Perspective

The Spread of Modern Industry to the Periphery since 1871

“…The research of scholars like Goldsmith (1961), Gregory (1982), and others gives us the Imperial component 3 It is impossible to separate out Poland in the Imperial data. According to one estimate, Poland produced about 8 per cent of Imperial output in 1897, and per capita income was about 5 roubles more than the mean of roughly 74 roubles (Markevich, 2015a). Our industrial output series includes Poland for the Imperial period, which was more industrialized than Russia (23 against 14 roubles per capita in 1897), but we are confident that our interpretations would hold if we were able to exclude that region.…”

Human Capital in the Regions of the Russian Empire and Inequality in Land Distribution at the Turn of the 20th Century

“…Level of development, structure of the economy, incomes and well-being:  Gross regional product per capita in 1897 (Markevich, 2019(Markevich, , 2022.…”

“…The share of large industry in value added -assuming that gross output in industry was 2 time larger than value added (Markevich, 2019(Markevich, , 2022.…”

Denmark and Russia: What can we learn from the historical comparison of two great Arctic agricultural empires?

“…But in the 1990s there were some years when both countries started to take an interest in each other and as a result there was a series of exhibitions under the umbrella title of "Russia-Denmark: 500 years of cooperation." 3 The existing literature also leaves space for the reconsideration of the geographic scope of comparison, since existing research has paid very limited attention to the regional dimension in Russian economic history (one of the exceptions is Markevich, 2019). The issue is the reverse for Denmark.…”