Economic estimates of invasive wild ungulate damage to livestock producers in Hawai'i
Stephanie A Shwiff,
Carolyn LW Auweloa,
Kyle Caires
et al.
Abstract:BACKGROUNDInvasive ungulates (hoofed mammals), including deer, feral pigs, feral goats, and feral sheep, are known to cause damage to agriculture, property, natural resources, and many other commodities. Most of the information regarding the economic impacts of wild ungulates is from North America, where some of these species are native. To evaluate invasive ungulate damage to livestock producers in the Hawaiian Islands, which have no native ungulates, a survey was distributed to livestock producers across the… Show more
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