Economic evaluation of a hypothetical integrated energy recovery system for trommel fines

Application of BIM Digital Information Technology in the Economic Optimization Operation of Integrated Energy Systems

“…e three main pollutant gases emitted by the integrated energy system during the actual operation are CO 2 , SO 2 , and NO X . By comparing the emissions of these three types of gases per unit of production capacity, the equivalent relationship between the emissions of CO 2 , SO 2 , and NO X can be obtained [22], that is, the carbon emission equivalent conversion factor ε:…”

Process modelling and economic evaluation of biopropane production from aqueous butyric acid feedstock

“…In process plants, operating costs are typically made up of raw materials costs, labour costs and other costs. The cost of feedstock (10 wt% butyric acid solution) has been estimated from the purchase prices of components shown in Table 1, for dried biomass-derived butyric acid [14] and process water [26] and raw material requirements for the amine absorber [27]. In chemical plants, the cost of catalysts can vary between 3% and 10% of total equipment costs [24,25].…”

“…The capital costs of other items have been estimated using the typical lang factors [29]. and presented in Table 3 The total raw material costs have been calculated based on individual costs of biomassderived butyric acid, process water and amine absorber [14,[26][27]. The butyric acid feedstock requirement for one operating year comes to $24.25 million based on$580/tonne [14].…”

“…It is also possible that, butyric acid costs would fall with investments into large-scale biotechnological processes to produce the aqueous feedstock, with the inherent advantages of economies of scale. Process water will cost about $1.28 million per year at a cost of $3.4/tonne [26], while the raw material cost for the amine absorption system is about $1.65 million per year.…”