Economic evaluation of aromatics production, a case study for financial model application in petrochemical projects

Omran, H.R.; El-Marsafy, S. M.; Ashour, Fatma H.; Abadir, Ehab

doi:10.1016/j.ejpe.2015.03.013

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…2,3 Aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX), are essential precursors to the production of plastics, resins, and other commodity chemicals generating over USD $100 billion annually. 4,5 Realization of chemistries that valorize lignin and lignol molecules into BTX-type products would validate renewable feedstocks and reduce carbon emissions associated with the production of aromatics and their derivatives. 6,7 Chemical conversion processes such as pyrolysis (catalytic 8,9 and non-catalytic 10,11 ) and reductive catalytic fractionation [12][13][14] produce heterogeneous mixtures of phenolic monomers from lignin that require subsequent removal of oxygen down to parts-per-million levels to replace current BTX feedstocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure sensitivity in Pt-catalyzed hydrodeoxygenation of multi-oxygenated lignol model compounds

Marlowe,

Ford,

Abu-Omar

et al. 2023

Catal. Sci. Technol.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure sensitivity in Pt-catalyzed hydrodeoxygenation of multi-oxygenated lignol model compounds

Marlowe,

Ford,

Abu-Omar

et al. 2023

Catal. Sci. Technol.

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“…36 Xylenes can either be applied in refinery streams for gasoline blending or can be separated into o-xylene, p-xylene, and m-xylene isomers or converted to other chemicals such as phthalic anhydride, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, polyesters, alkyd resins, etc. According to Omran et al, 37 in 2017 the global prices were as follow: benzene, $1.30/kg; toluene, $1.27/kg; p-xylene, $1.53/kg, and mixed xylenes, $1.30/kg. At the same time, the market price of syngas (e.g., obtained from glycerol) is less than $0.1/kg, 38 which points to the prospects for BTX production from biomass tar.…”

Section: Catalysts For Biomass Tar Crackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Cracking of Biomass-Derived Hydrocarbon Tars or Model Compounds To Form Biobased Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene Isomer Mixtures

Kostyniuk

Grilc

Likozar

2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The gasification of biomass is one of the most prominent technologies for the conversion of the raw material feedstock to polymers, useful chemical substances, and energy. The main engineering challenge during the processing of wastes is the presence of tars in gaseous reaction products, which could make this operation methodology unsuccessfully due to the blockage of separating particle filters, fuel line flow, and substantial transfer losses. Catalytic hydrocarbon cracking appears to be a promising developing approach for their optimal removal. However, it is still highly desirable to enhance the catalysts’ activity kinetics, selectivity, stability, resistance to (ir)reversible coke deposition, and regeneration solutions. The purpose of this Review is to provide a comparative systematic evaluation of the various natural, synthetic, and hybrid ways to convert the model molecular compounds into benzene, toluene, xylene, (poly)aromatics, syngas, and others. The recent scientific progress, including calcite, dolomite, lime, magnesite, olivine, char, nonmetallic activated carbons, supported alkali, noble, and transition metals, and (metal-promoted) zeolites, is presented. A special concentrated attention is paid to effectiveness, related to hydrogenation, peculiar pore structure, and formulations’ suitable acidity. The role of catalysis is described, recommendations for prospective catalyzed mechanisms are provided, and future technical feasibility is discussed as well.

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“…The recent restrictions on the olefin content in transport fuels appeal to increase the aromatic content to balance the octane values [1,2] . Moreover, per capita requirements of aromatic for the chemical industry is growing by 3–4 % every year; they are being critical raw materials for polymers, drugs and fine chemicals [3] . Catalytic reforming is a matured industrial process to produce aromatics from paraffins and olefins which cause low‐octane and automobile emission problems [4,5] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1,2] Moreover, per capita requirements of aromatic for the chemical industry is growing by 3-4 % every year; they are being critical raw materials for polymers, drugs and fine chemicals. [3] Catalytic reforming is a matured industrial process to produce aromatics from paraffins and olefins which cause low-octane and automobile emission problems. [4,5] The naphtha aromatization process involves the conversion of low-octane hydrocarbons into benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylene (BTEX) having high octane values.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aromatization of Commercial Full Range Naphtha Over Modified Hierarchical ZSM‐5 Catalyst

et al. 2021

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Aromatization of commercial full range naphtha has been studied in a fixed bed reactor using the synthesized hierarchical zeolite catalysts. Desilication was carried out on H‐ZSM‐5 support with Silica to Alumina (SiO2/Al2O3) molar ratio 30 to generate additional meso‐porosity and active metal Gallium was incorporated by wetness impregnation method. Various concentrations of sodium hydroxide solutions and two different initial calcination temperature were used during the modification to understand the effect of these parameters on the catalysts. All the catalysts were characterized using nitrogen adsorption, X‐ray diffraction, temperature programmed ammonia desorption, elemental and surface imaging techniques. Catalytic evaluation is done in a fixed bed reactor operated at a temperature of 550 °C, atmospheric pressure and liquid hourly space velocity of 6.0 h−1. Product streams from the fixed bed reactor are analyzed using both online and offline gas chromatographs using ASTM D7833 and D6729 respectively to report product selectivity and mass balance. It is observed that the additional meso porosity and the retention of crystallite phase lead to 62.4 % enhancement in aromatic selectivity and 52.2 % decrease in off‐gas generation for the developed catalyst compared to its non‐desilicated analogue during the aromatization process of full range real naphtha.

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Economic evaluation of aromatics production, a case study for financial model application in petrochemical projects

Cited by 17 publications

References 4 publications

Structure sensitivity in Pt-catalyzed hydrodeoxygenation of multi-oxygenated lignol model compounds

Structure sensitivity in Pt-catalyzed hydrodeoxygenation of multi-oxygenated lignol model compounds

Catalytic Cracking of Biomass-Derived Hydrocarbon Tars or Model Compounds To Form Biobased Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene Isomer Mixtures

Aromatization of Commercial Full Range Naphtha Over Modified Hierarchical ZSM‐5 Catalyst

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