Economic evaluation of energy storage options in a microgrid with Flexible Distribution of Energy and Storage resources

Location Planning of Fast Charging Station Considering its Impact on the Power Grid Assets

“…4b and 5b shows the evolution of probability vectorv t , which converges to a binary vector corresponding to the optimal solution. Therefore, the optimal locations to place FCS for N F CS = 5 and N F CS = 10 are X = [8,9,13,20,22] and X = [3,4,7,8,9,12,13,20,22,23], respectively.…”

“…copies of X ∼ {v t−1,j }, X k,j is the j-th component of the k-th random binary vector X k and I {·} is the indicator function. The set of vectors satisfying S(X k ) ≤γ t is called the elite samples generally determined by the rarity parameter ρ at iteration t. Note that the updating rule (7) is the analytical solution of the cross-entropy minimization in (8), since the sampling pdf v is chosen such that it belongs to a Natural Exponential Family, i.e., Bernoulli density [20].…”

“…3 shows the MATLAB illustration of 3 trip chains in the 25-node transportation network, highlighted by red, green and yellow. The respective O-D pairs are (1,16), (8,18) and (15,23).…”

“…Note that the updating rule ( 7) is the analytical solution of the cross-entropy minimization in (8), since the sampling pdf v is chosen such that it belongs to a Natural Exponential Family, i.e., Bernoulli density [20].…”

Battery Second-Life for Dedicated and Shared Energy Storage Systems Supporting EV Charging Stations

“…However, economic and ecological sustainability represent two main challenges that have to be considered to integrate ESSs into power systems [20]. Although their use can be effective, ESSs for grid support applications are not economically attractive, at the moment [21][22][23]. The use of II-Life battery modules, reusing EV battery packs for alternative uses, represents a promising trade-off.…”