Economic evaluation of fuel cell-powered OFF-ROAD machinery using stochastic analysis

Reyes-Valenzuela, Mauricio; Sanchez-Squella, Antonio; Barraza, Rodrigo; Osses, Mauricio; Valdivia, Patricio

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.10.247

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Different countries are instituting regulations with a focus on reducing the consumption of fossil fuels and emissions from vehicles. For companies that require heavy machinery, such as mining and civil construction, new laws and requirements should be followed, and OEMs are now searching for different ways to power the vehicles, such as battery, fuel cell and hydrogen combustion [13].…”

Section: Current Research On Electrified Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Multi-Pump System for Hydraulic Actuation in Electric Mobile Machinery

Gama

Heybroek

Ericson

2023

Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings

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An observable trend nowadays is the change in the prime movers of mobile heavy machinery to electric alternatives to achieve more eco-friendly equipment. These solutions often require large and heavy batteries with limited capacity, making the research of more efficient components and the development of different system architectures an important topic of study. Hydraulic actuation is still a relevant application for these vehicles because of its reliability, controllability, and high power density. The electrification and digitalization of mobile machinery allow for innovative designs and control strategies to be implemented that take advantage of electro-hydraulic systems and their characteristics. Similar research has shown that a higher number of degrees of freedom allow for the system to operate with higher total efficiency. This paper introduces a novel actuation architecture that combines multiple fixed displacement hydraulic pumps and on/off directional valves to control the position and force of two hydraulic actuators for the working functions of a mobile machine. Each pump is powered by a variable speed electric drive so that each one can be operated independently, and together with the set of directional valves, allows the selection of different combinations of pumps and flow sharing between the actuators’ chambers to achieve the desired flow and pressure on each cylinder. The multi-pump system favours the use of smaller pumps, and the possibility of combining their flows reduces the need to operate the components at lower efficiency points such as partial displacement. At the same time, controlling the pumps’ flow through the variable-speed electric motors means that throttling valves are not needed. The development of this architecture will allow for its use in mathematical models to analyse its behaviour and efficiency and to obtain insights regarding points of improvement in the system architecture.

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Section: Current Research On Electrified Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Multi-Pump System for Hydraulic Actuation in Electric Mobile Machinery

Gama

Heybroek

Ericson

2023

Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings

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“…A more strategic aim is applied in [15][16][17][18][19], evaluating how market actors could interact to either maximise synergies or gain access to a larger share of the market. In [15], a Chinese electric grid company is advised on how to prevail in a shifting energy landscape, where hydrogen distribution through collaboration with gas companies constitutes one opportunity to increase operations within renewable energy.…”

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [18], the lowest system costs for hydrogen production from biogas were found when the producers collaborated. Both [17] and [19] recommended collaboration between original equipment manufacturers, vehicle retailers and service and retrofit companies to be able to claim a larger share of the market and to be able to offer bundled services. Authors of [20] evaluated four different business models and partnerships to finance the extension of the hydrogen refuelling infrastructure in China and found the most feasible options to be public-private partnerships and a setup where a public instance builds the infrastructure and then allows a private actor operational concession, so called Transfer-operate-transfer.…”

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Business Model of an Emerging Hydrogen Market in the Swedish Transportation Sector – outlook towards 2050

Särnbratt,

Fransson,

Hansson

et al. 2023

ECS Trans.

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An improved understanding of the emerging business models for hydrogen applied in the transport sector is crucial to remove barriers for hydrogen uptake. The aim of this study is to create a characterisation of the current landscape for hydrogen road mobility in Sweden by mapping out the business model for hydrogen producers, hydrogen filling station owners and hydrogen vehicle manufacturers. This has been achieved by interviewing hydrogen market actors in the Swedish transport sector and through validation of the results in an expert elicitation. The main finding of the study is that the business model is still emerging and contains large uncertainties also about the viability of the business case. This is noticeable for example in the key partner section in the business model. Actors seek out partnerships and collaboration both horizontally and vertically along the hydrogen value chain, even with future competitors, to create a critical mass of supply and demand to enable the hydrogen market to take off. Additional value propositions and revenue streams, such as support services to the electrical grid and utilisation of residual products (excess heat and oxygen), are secondary in the business model today.

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“…Often, production costs are in the center of these ones (e.g., [31][32][33][34][35][36][37]). Other target figures/indicators used are fuel cell system costs [38,39], costs of electricity or energy [40][41][42][43][44], total product unit costs [45], capital costs [46], costs for fuels [47], the net present value (NPV) [48,49], or ownership costs [50].…”

Section: Economic Focusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nelson et al determine the economic performance of the fuel cell in the form of calculating an NPV and a benefit-to-cost ratio [40]. The NPV method is used by Reyes-Valenzuela and Jia et al as well [48,49]. A manufacturing cost model is used [31] as well as a bottom-up cost model in combination with the learning curve methodology [32].…”

Section: Economic Focusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability-Oriented Assessment of Fuel Cells—A Literature Review

Tampe,

Höse,

Götze

2023

Sustainability

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Enhancing the sustainability of activities is an undebatable need for decision makers regarding the economy as well as society. Fuel cells and their application in different areas, such as energy supply or mobility, are viewed as a promising means towards more sustainability. However, fuel cells as well as fuel-cell-based application systems cause a couple of possibly conflictive impacts in terms of ecological, economic, and social targets—their positive contribution to sustainability is not confident. Consequently, a significant assessment of sustainability is needed to enable a targeted development of fuel cells and their application systems, including the selection of alternative design variants. Furthermore, such assessment is necessary to provide evidence for the intended improvements and thereby contribute to market success and implementation of the systems. However, an overview of the existing methods for sustainability-related assessment of fuel cells and fuel-cell-based systems as well as the outcomes of the assessments does not exist. Therefore, a systematic literature review is conducted without restriction of fuel cell types and evaluation methods. Such a comprehensive overview does not yet exist to the best of the authors’ knowledge. With regard to the suggested or applied methods, the results show, amongst others, that the economic assessment does not refer to the methodical state-of-art, the social dimension is neglected, and an overall assessment of sustainability, aggregating all three dimensions, is not conducted. Due to the variety of analyzed objects as well as applied methods, the outcomes of the studies provide not more than scattered knowledge about the relevance of components and the advantageousness of fuel cells, their variants, and their application systems regarding sustainability. To contribute to avoiding methodological deficiencies, a procedure model for an integrated assessment is presented.

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Economic evaluation of fuel cell-powered OFF-ROAD machinery using stochastic analysis

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

A Novel Multi-Pump System for Hydraulic Actuation in Electric Mobile Machinery

A Novel Multi-Pump System for Hydraulic Actuation in Electric Mobile Machinery

The Business Model of an Emerging Hydrogen Market in the Swedish Transportation Sector – outlook towards 2050

Sustainability-Oriented Assessment of Fuel Cells—A Literature Review

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