Economic factors and suicide rates: associations over time in four countries

Ceccherini-Nelli, Alfonso; Priebe, Stefan

doi:10.1007/s00127-010-0275-2

Cited by 58 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Por otra parte, los estudios del comportamiento suicida se han venido presentando teniendo en cuenta factores multicausales, tales como la pobreza, el desempleo (Arroyave, Burdorf, Cardona, & Avendano, 2014;Ceccherini-Nelli, & Priebe, 2011;Rehkopf, & Buka, 2006), la pérdida de seres queridos, la discusión, o la ruptura de relaciones y los problemas jurídicos o laborales (Tuesca, & Navarro, 2003), los antecedentes familiares de suicidio, así como el abuso del alcohol y los estupefacientes (Ceballos, 2004), los maltratos en la infancia y el aislamiento social (Eckersley & Dear, 2002). Determinados trastornos mentales, como la depresión y la esquizofrenia, también inluyen en un gran número de suicidios (Echeverry, Aristizábal, Barraza, Aristizábal, Martínez, & Montoya 2010;Palacio, et al 2007;Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Características sociodemográficas y suicidios consumados en las ciudades de Santa Marta y Bucaramanga (Colombia): un estudio retrospectivo de género 2010-2014

Arregocés

Caballero-Domínguez

López

et al. 2017

cuad.hispanoam.psicol

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ResumenEl presente estudio busca describir la mortalidad por suicidio en relación a variables como edad, género, estado civil, método, hora, día, etapa evolutiva y ocupación de los individuos en las ciudades de Santa Marta y Bucaramanga durante los años 2010 a 2014. Se analizó un total de 208 suicidios, 89 de los cuales se reportaron en Santa Marta, Magdalena, y 119, en Bucaramanga, Santander. De la misma forma, se destaca que del número total de casos, el 84% corresponde a hombres, y el 16%, a mujeres. Se hizo un análisis descriptivo retrospectivo de los datos suministrados por el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses. Así mismo, se utilizó la prueba X2 de Pearson para determinar la asociación entre las variables relacionadas. Dentro de los principales resultados, y en relación a los suicidios consumados, se observa una proporción mayor en hombres (84%) que en mujeres (16%). Además, el comportamiento de las frecuencias de suicidio por año muestra un patrón de estabilidad de 22.1% para los años 2010 y 2011, periodo a partir del cual comienza a descender levemente, hasta alcanzar un 16.3% de muertes por conducta suicida en el año 2014. Se concluye que no existe una asociación estadísticamente signiicativa entre el género y el método utilizado para suicidarse. Respecto al día y la hora, se halló que los ines de semana y los jueves son los días en los que aumenta la frecuencia de suicidios, generalmente en las primeras doce horas del día. Finalmente, se resalta que del número total de suicidios consumados, el 41% correspondía a individuos solteros y el 45% no realizaba tareas profesionales.Palabras clave: Suicidio, género, características sociodemográicas, Bucaramanga, Santa Marta. AbstractThe current study aims to describe mortality by suicide in relation to variables such as age, gender, marital status, method, time, day, evolutionary stage, and occupation of individuals in the cities of Santa Marta and Bucaramanga during the period 2010-2014. A total of 208 suicides were analyzed. 89 cases were reported in Santa Marta, Magdalena, and 119 cases, in Bucaramanga, Santander. In the same way, it is highlighted that 84% of cases occurred in men and 16%, in women. A retrospective descriptive analysis of the data provided by the National

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Características sociodemográficas y suicidios consumados en las ciudades de Santa Marta y Bucaramanga (Colombia): un estudio retrospectivo de género 2010-2014

Arregocés

Caballero-Domínguez

López

et al. 2017

cuad.hispanoam.psicol

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“…One study using data from 1960 to 1999 included data from 21 countries grouped into three categories according to GDP per capita; results showed notably that countries with higher income presented higher suicide rates than poorer countries [27]. Other longitudinal studies also observed this trend [28-30]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide rates and income in São Paulo and Brazil: a temporal and spatial epidemiologic analysis from 1996 to 2008

et al. 2012

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BackgroundIn a classical study, Durkheim noted a direct relation between suicide rates and wealth in the XIX century France. Since that time, several studies have verified this relationship. It is known that suicide rates are associated with income, although the direction of this association varies worldwide. Brazil presents a heterogeneous distribution of income and suicide across its territory; however, evaluation for an association between these variables has shown mixed results. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between suicide rates and income in Brazil, State of São Paulo (SP), and City of SP, considering geographical area and temporal trends.MethodsData were extracted from the National and State official statistics departments. Three socioeconomic areas were considered according to income, from the wealthiest (area 1) to the poorest (area 3). We also considered three regions: country-wide (27 Brazilian States and 558 Brazilian micro-regions), state-wide (645 counties of SP State), and city-wide (96 districts of SP city). Relative risks (RR) were calculated among areas 1, 2, and 3 for all regions, in a cross-sectional approach. Then, we used Joinpoint analysis to explore the temporal trends of suicide rates and SaTScan to investigate geographical clusters of high/low suicide rates across the territory.ResultsSuicide rates in Brazil, the State of SP, and the city of SP were 6.2, 6.6, and 5.4 per 100,000, respectively. Taking suicide rates of the poorest area (3) as reference, the RR for the wealthiest area was 1.64, 0.88, and 1.65 for Brazil, State of SP, and city of SP, respectively (p for trend <0.05 for all analyses). Spatial cluster of high suicide rates were identified at Brazilian southern (RR = 2.37), state of SP western (RR = 1.32), and city of SP central (RR = 1.65) regions. A direct association between income and suicide were found for Brazil (OR = 2.59) and the city of SP (OR = 1.07), and an inverse association for the state of SP (OR = 0.49).ConclusionsTemporospatial analyses revealed higher suicide rates in wealthier areas in Brazil and the city of SP and in poorer areas in the State of SP. We further discuss the role of socioeconomic characteristics for explaining these discrepancies and the importance of our findings in public health policies. Similar studies in other Brazilian States and developing countries are warranted.

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“…Previous studies have shown a strong link between adverse economic conditions and higher levels of suicide (Ceccherini-Nelli et al, 2011;Classen and Dunn, 2012;Zivin et al, 2011). Figure 1.6.2 shows suicide rates for a number of countries that have been hard hit by the recent economic crisis.…”

Section: Suicidementioning

confidence: 98%

Overbelegg og faregrense for dødelighet

Faiz¹,

Dahl²

2016

Tidsskriftet

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Economic factors and suicide rates: associations over time in four countries

Abstract: Unemployment is a major factor influencing suicide rates over long periods of time and in different national contexts. It needs to be considered as a confounding factor in evaluations of suicide prevention strategies.

Cited by 58 publications

References 24 publications

Características sociodemográficas y suicidios consumados en las ciudades de Santa Marta y Bucaramanga (Colombia): un estudio retrospectivo de género 2010-2014

Características sociodemográficas y suicidios consumados en las ciudades de Santa Marta y Bucaramanga (Colombia): un estudio retrospectivo de género 2010-2014

Suicide rates and income in São Paulo and Brazil: a temporal and spatial epidemiologic analysis from 1996 to 2008

Overbelegg og faregrense for dødelighet

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