Analysis of the literature has shown that the progress of early and timely diagnosis of major lung diseases, including tuberculosis, pneumonia and oncology depends on the level of professional knowledge of doctors, the correct use of modern diagnostic technologies. Unfortunately, not all actions of medical workers to provide medical care lead to positive results. The article describes the most common mistakes made by doctors in the diagnosis and treatment of phthisiopulmonology. For each nosological form, there are a number of diagnostic and treatment defects that reduce the clinical effectiveness of care. The vast majority of professional mistakes are made not out of ignorance, but due to inattention or self-confidence of the doctor, lack of legal literacy. Despite the ubiquitous computerization of medical institutions, the availability of state-of-the-art diagnostic equipment, the latest methods of treatment, errors in the activities of doctors of all directions do not disappear without solving the main problems of regulatory regulation. The work is of interest to novice interns, clinical residents of various specialties. Annotation The analysis of scientific publications devoted to the causes of medical errors and ways to overcome them is of increased relevance and practical significance. According to the literature, many authors sought not only to show errors in establishing a clinical and morphological diagnosis, but also to pay special attention to changes in the diagnosis of lung diseases, the impact of new innovative technologies on the effectiveness of therapeutic and surgical treatment, and tried to reflect the deontological side of the error problem. Focusing on errors in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, pneumonia, and lung cancer recognition, it is advisable to conduct a comparative study of the diagnostic value of a number of new methods and studies that have been used in clinics for many years, to evaluate the possibilities of using modern technologies.