Economic feasibility of plastic waste conversion to fuel using pyrolysis

Fuel Range Properties of Oil and Wax Obtained from Catalytic Pyrolysis of Linear Low-Density Polyethylene in a Fluidized Bed Reactor (FBR)

“…The potential of conversion from tertiary chemical recycling of polyolefin (PO) PSW to high-end value-added products, fuels, and raw feedstock petrochemicals makes it a lucrative option to manage such types of waste components. More specifically, pyrolysis of PO as a route of TCC can achieve high-end value products, as well as advocate the recent circular economy (CE) and end-of-life (EOL) plastic regulations published by the European Commission (EC) that have been adopted in many regions around the world. − Pyrolysis is defined as a cracking technology in inert atmospheres that transforms plastics into useful products depending on the degradation of the polymeric matrix subjected to controlled temperatures and pressures. − When pyrolyzed in the range of 400 to 700 °C, PE has shown great potential to produce straight-chain paraffin and olefin products containing C 1 –C 30 . This is also dependent on the type of pyrolysis technique (e.g., thermal or catalytic), catalyst type, operating conditions, and reactor type as shown in previous studies and reviews. ,− These studies have also pointed toward the fact that the majority of studies on pyrolysis were conducted on batch, semibatch, or continuous reactors, which included mainly fluidized bed reactors (FBRs), which were found to be the most suitable for catalytic operation due to the possibility of catalyst reuse .…”

Catalytic routes towards polystyrene recycling

“…Thus, the rise in the cost of materials will have to be met with a shift in focus towards the reduction of the cost of the degradation process itself. 20 n Relevant analyses on the subject proved that the chemical recycling of plastic waste can be profitable for large scale plants, 66 with the capital costs and operating time having a critical influence on the results. Furthermore, the economic feasibility can be heavily affected by a variety of other factors, such as the volatility in crude oil prices, the feedstock availability, the uncertain investment costs and the price value of the recovered monomer in the market at a specific time.…”

Thermochemical Valorization of Waste Plastic for Production of Synthetic Fuels, Fine Chemicals, and Carbon Nanotubes

“…Evidently, the profitability of plastic-tofuel conversion using pyrolysis is influenced heavily by the capital expenditures (CapEx) and operational expenditures (OpEx) involved. In an assessment conducted by Alexandridis's group, 227 the main factors found to influence the economic feasibility of converting plastic waste to fuel via pyrolysis were crude oil prices, feedstock costs, CapEx, OpEx, discount rates, and operating hours. The report concluded that volatility in crude oil prices affects the economic viability of pyrolysis plants most significantly and also noted that the continuous availabilities of good quality feedstock and low feedstock prices were necessary for economic feasibility.…”