Economic growth and obesity in South African adults: an ecological analysis between 1994 and 2014

Pisa, Pedro T.; Pisa, Noleen

doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckw119

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Consistent with physiological differences between males and females regarding body fat distribution, the prevalence of obesity based on %BF was more than three times higher in females (42.7%) than in males (12.0%). Strikingly, we observed no difference in the prevalence estimates of overweight and obesity between urban and rural settings, which is in opposition to results from Uganda, South Africa, and data outside Africa where the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and/or abdominal obesity was higher in urban than in rural areas . The urban and rural gradient in the prevalence of overweight and obesity has been attributed to a rapid globalization along with trends toward unhealthy diets and sedentary lifestyles in urban areas.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Overweight and Obesity in Adults Living in Cameroon: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Nansseu

Noubiap

Bigna³

2019

Obesity

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Objective This study aimed to summarize current data on overweight and obesity among adults living in Cameroon. Methods PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Global Index Medicus, African Journals Online, and local databases were searched for population‐based cross‐sectional studies conducted in the general population from January 2000 to December 2017. A random‐effects model was used to pool data. Results Overall, 26 studies (55,155 participants) were included. The prevalence of overweight was 26.0% (95% CI: 17.6%‐35.3%) based on BMI. Furthermore, the overall prevalence of obesity was 15.1% (95% CI: 9.3%‐22.1%) based on BMI, 16.4% (95% CI: 10.8%‐22.8%) based on waist circumference ≥ 102 cm for males and ≥ 88 cm for females, 36.7% (95% CI: 26.8%‐47.2%) based on waist circumference ≥ 94 cm for males and ≥ 80 cm for females, 32.6% (95% CI: 26.9%‐38.7%) based on waist to hip ratio ≥ 0.90 for males and ≥ 0.85 for females, and 31.9% (95% CI: 27.8%‐36.2%) based on percent body fat ≥ 25% for males and ≥ 35% for females. Overall, the burden was higher in females compared with males; there was no difference between urban and rural settings or between studies conducted in 2000 to 2009 and 2010 to 2016. Conclusions The burden of overweight and obesity is high among adults in Cameroon, putting many at increased risk for developing associated metabolic and cardiovascular complications.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Overweight and Obesity in Adults Living in Cameroon: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Nansseu

Noubiap

Bigna³

2019

Obesity

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“…The most frequently listed factors contributing to these high obesity rates include: socio-economic factors -increases in GDP per capita reflect improvements in the prosperity of the nation, and directly relate to an improved individual socio-economic status (SES). Therefore, the direct function of GDP per capita has additionally been highlighted as the main underlying factor for the observed positive association between GDP per capita and obesity levels [19,[25][26][27][28], significant reduction of physical activity resulting from technological development and from lifestyle (extensive road networks, increased availability of cars, greater use of mechanized appliances, widespread use of computers, televisions, and electronic gaming devices, have encouraged a more sedentary lifestyle) [27], traditional/cultural restrictions in women's lifestyle (South Africa, Gulf countries) [29], a more westernized diet -eating highly processed, ready meals with high calorific content, drinking large amounts of sweetened beverages [30], and widespread use of high-fructose corn syrup in the food industry [31,32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of epidemiological obesity among adults in EU countries

Krzysztoszek

Laudanska-Krzeminska²,

Bronikowski

2019

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction.Obesity is a serious health problem in nearly all regions of Europe. During the last four decades, the percentage of obese people increased four times among men and twice among women, reaching a global epidemic scale as the biggest health-related issue in the developed and developing countries. Objective. The aim was to assess the epidemiological situation of obesity, according to gender among adults in Europe, compared with other regions and selected worldwide countries, as well as to devise a forecast for the near future based on analysis results. Materials and method. An overview was performed of the World Health Organization (WHO) statistical database in 1999-2016, concerning obesity prevalence among people over the age of 20 across 28 countries of the European Union. A forecast for the years 2020 and 2030 was prepared by evaluation of gradients for trendline equations. Moreover, some of the world regions, as well as individual countries, five per region, were collated and analyzed to prepare the forecast. Results. The percentage of obese people in the countries of the European Union continues to increase every year. The dynamics of obesity growth in Europe is greater for men than for women (3.09% per year vs. 1.92% per year). With the growth rate remaining at the estimated level, in 2030 there will probably be more obese men (38.1%) than women (32.7%) in Poland, and in Europe likewise -36.6% and 32.0%, respectively. Conclusions. Obesity has become a major epidemiological problem and an undisputable health problem not only in Poland and other European countries, but worldwide.

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“…The rapid increase of overweight and obesity in Africa has been ascribed to changes in diet and lifestyle brought on by economic growth, rapid urbanization, and globalization [5,11–13]. In the SSA context, perceptions surrounding body weight should be explored as a moderator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity matters but is not perceived: A cross-sectional study on cardiovascular disease risk factors among a population-based probability sample in rural Zambia

et al. 2018

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BackgroundSub-Saharan Africa, including Zambia, has experienced an increase in overweight and obesity due to rapid lifestyle changes associated with recent economic growth. We explored the prevalence and correlates of overweight and obesity in rural Zambia. We also investigated the role of self-perception of body weight in weight control given the local socio-cultural context.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we recruited 690 residents of the Mumbwa district aged 25–64 years through a multistage, clustered, household random sampling. We administered a questionnaire and collected anthropometric and bio-behavioral data from May to July 2016. Factors associated with body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 and underestimation of body weight were assessed using multiple logistic regression.ResultsOf the weighted sample of 689 participants (335 men and 354 women), 185 (26.8%) had BMI ≥25 kg/m2. In multivariate analyses, female gender, age 45–64 years, tertiary education, higher fruit and vegetable intake, high blood pressure, abnormal blood lipid profile, and Hemoglobin A1c ≥5.7% were significantly associated with BMI ≥25 kg/m2. Among participants with BMI ≥25 kg/m2, 14.2% and 58.2% perceived themselves as being underweight and normal weight, respectively. Age 45–64 years was the only factor significantly associated with body weight underestimation. Preference for obesity was reported by 17.5% and 3.6% of respondents with BMI <25 kg/m2 and BMI≥25 kg/m2, respectively; “looks attractive” and “fear of being perceived as HIV-positive” were the main reasons.ConclusionIn rural Zambia, overweight and obesity are prevalent and significantly associated with alterations in blood pressure, blood lipid profile, and glucose metabolism. However, most subjects with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 underestimated their body weight; some preferred obesity, in part due to cultural factors and HIV-related stigma. A health promotion program that addresses such perceptions and body weight underestimation should be urgently introduced in Zambia.

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Economic growth and obesity in South African adults: an ecological analysis between 1994 and 2014

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Epidemiology of Overweight and Obesity in Adults Living in Cameroon: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Epidemiology of Overweight and Obesity in Adults Living in Cameroon: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Assessment of epidemiological obesity among adults in EU countries

Obesity matters but is not perceived: A cross-sectional study on cardiovascular disease risk factors among a population-based probability sample in rural Zambia

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