Economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1885–2008: Evidence from eight countries

Political Institutions and Output Collapses

“…This paper will study output collapses and political institutions jointly, in terms of distinct growth regimes. This reflects what might be called the 'episodic growth' perspective, starting with Easterly et al (1993) and especially Pritchett (2000Pritchett ( , 2003, and taken up by economic historians such as Jerven (2010) and Broadberry and Gardner (2022). These authors broadly agree that, since long-run growth experiences often combine periods of expansion and decline, studying growth episodes may be more informative than looking at average growth rates alone.…”

“…If this is true, the process will converge to a unique stationary distribution regardless of the initial conditions. 19 This means we can take a transition matrix M and check whether it implies a unique stationary distribution. If the Dobrushin coefficient α(p) for M is non-zero, the process is globally stable.…”

Artificial intelligence-based prediction for cancer-related outcomes in Africa: Status and potential refinements

“…Relative to the different subregions in Africa, the pattern of AI penetrance mirrors the ongoing economic and infrastructural development in the continent [ 4 , 27 ]. As such, populations in areas with larger economies and fair technological expertise like South Africa, Egypt, Nigeria, and Kenya are largely the focus of the development and validation of the AI models for cancer outcomes ( Figure 1 , Panel A).…”

Living Standards and Wellbeing in Africa, an Economic History Perspective

“…Despite featuring in the lower half of the global income distribution today, African countries have experienced substantial periods of economic growth over the past century. Yet, this has not been constant, or sustained economic growth (Broadberry & Gardner, 2022;Hillbom & Green, 2019;Jerven, 2010). The pattern of economic booms and busts becomes very clear if we look at the period since 1950.…”