Economic Impact of Dengue in Tourism in Brazil

Nishikawa, A.M.; Clark, O.A.C.; Genovez, V.; Pinho, Ana Isabel Machado Lopes Sampaio de; Durand, Laure

doi:10.1016/j.jval.2016.03.1217

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…As acknowledged in the literature, accurate estimation of dengue’s impact on tourism is challenging, due to the lack of data availability and the difficulty of defining the time period and exact geographical area impacted by an outbreak [ 6 ]. Evidence supporting dengue as a reason for deterring tourism is typically anecdotal, citing company annual reports from airlines, travel agencies, tourism consultancies, and communications from public authorities [ 81 , 82 ]. Only a few scientific studies have systemically quantified the relationship between tourism and dengue incidence [ 36 , 92 , 93 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The change in tourism demand associated with a dengue outbreak was estimated based on an assumed decrease in international tourist arrivals from non-endemic countries and on statistical data on the level and structure of tourist spending patterns. Consistent with previous studies assessing the impact of a dengue outbreak on tourism, this study used estimates previously reported by Vasan et al (2009) [ 36 ] to calculate the proportional decrease in international tourist arrivals from non-endemic countries during a dengue outbreak ( S1 Table ) [ 36 , 81 , 82 ]. Vasan et al (2009) [ 36 ] estimated the decrease in tourist arrivals during a chikungunya outbreak on La Réunion for 2005, 2006, and 2007 to be 4%, 40%, and 17%, respectively [ 36 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The macroeconomic impact of a dengue outbreak: Case studies from Thailand and Brazil

Marczell,

García,

Roiz

et al. 2024

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Background Dengue is spreading in (sub)tropical areas, and half of the global population is at risk. The macroeconomic impact of dengue extends beyond healthcare costs. This study evaluated the impact of dengue on gross domestic product (GDP) based on approaches tailored to two dengue-endemic countries, Thailand and Brazil, from the tourism and workforce perspectives, respectively. Findings Because the tourism industry is a critical economic sector for Thailand, lost tourism revenues were estimated to analyze the impact of a dengue outbreak. An input-output model estimated that the direct effects (on international tourism) and indirect effects (on suppliers) of dengue on tourism reduced overall GDP by 1.43 billion US dollars (USD) (0.26%) in the outbreak year 2019. The induced effect (reduced employee income/spending) reduced Thailand’s GDP by 375 million USD (0.07%). Overall, lost tourism revenues reduced Thailand’s GDP by an estimated 1.81 billion USD (0.33%) in 2019 (3% of annual tourism revenue). An inoperability input-output model was used to analyze the effect of workforce absenteeism on GDP due to a dengue outbreak in Brazil. This model calculates the number of lost workdays associated with ambulatory and hospitalized dengue. Input was collected from state-level epidemiological and economic data for 2019. An estimated 22.4 million workdays were lost in the employed population; 39% associated with the informal sector. Lost workdays due to dengue reduced Brazil’s GDP by 876 million USD (0.05%). Conclusions The economic costs of dengue outbreaks far surpass the direct medical costs. Dengue reduces overall GDP and inflicts national economic losses. With a high proportion of the population lacking formal employment in both countries and low income being a barrier to seeking care, dengue also poses an equity challenge. A combination of public health measures, like vector control and vaccination, against dengue is recommended to mitigate the broader economic impact of dengue.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The macroeconomic impact of a dengue outbreak: Case studies from Thailand and Brazil

Marczell,

García,

Roiz

et al. 2024

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…This reduction in dengue transmission will have a significant public health impact at sufficient vaccination coverage. Furthermore, considering the outcomes of cost-effective analyses, it is also important to be aware that the use of vaccination may bring additional benefits beyond those considered in a typical economic evaluation, which include reduced spending on outbreak control and reduced losses in terms of tourism (Nishikawa et al, 2016) and productivity (Barnighausen et al, 2013). The costs associated with these activities are usually not considered in most cost-effectiveness studies, even when the societal perspective is taken, because it is difficult to measure these activities with precision.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-effectiveness of dengue vaccination in Brazil

Durand

Genovez

Araújo

2017

JBES

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Objective: To define the economic value of a tetravalent dengue vaccine in Brazil by estimating the cost-effectiveness vaccine price threshold per dose. Methods: A dengue dynamic transmission model was used to estimate the public health impact of dengue vaccination and related economic parameters. Two vaccination strategies were assessed: routine vaccination at 9 years old plus either a catch-up campaign of 7 cohorts (10 to 16 years old; R9&10-16) or 16 cohorts (10 to 25 years old; R9&10-25). Brazilian-specific demographic, epidemiological and economic data were used. The economic impact over 10 years was estimated from the public payer and societal perspectives. All costs were expressed in BRL2016. Results: Over 10 years, the R9&10-16 and R9&10-25 vaccination strategies would prevent 9 million and 15 million dengue cases, respectively, avoiding 269,906 (95% CI: 410,097-154,653) and 434,334 (95% CI: 547,052-304,799) disability-adjusted life years. This would result in savings of up to BRL7.4 billion (US$2.1 billion) from a societal perspective with the larger vaccination program. The cost-effective vaccine price threshold per dose for the R9&10-16 and R9&10-25 strategies would be BRL187.5 (95% CI: 109-276) (US$52.1) and BRL183.6 (95% CI: 129-230) (US$51.0), respectively, from the public payer perspective, and BRL221.5 (95% CI: 129-326) (US$61.5) and BRL216.8 (95% CI: 153-271) (US$60.2), respectively, from the societal perspective. Conclusion:The high threshold of vaccine price per dose demonstrates the significant economic value of dengue vaccination in Brazil, even for a large program with 16 catch-up cohorts. RESUMOObjetivo: Definir o valor econômico da vacina tetravalente contra dengue no Brasil por meio da estimativa do limiar de preço custo-efetivo por dose. Métodos: Um modelo dinâmico de transmissão foi utilizado para estimar o impacto em saúde pública da vacinação contra dengue e os parâ-metros econômicos relacionados. A análise avaliou duas estratégias de vacinação: rotina aos 9 anos, mais campanha de vacinação com 7 coortes (10 a 16 anos; R9&10-16) ou 16 coortes (10 a 25 anos; R9&10-25). Foram utilizados dados demográficos, epidemiológicos e econômicos específicos para o Brasil. O impacto econômico foi estimado em 10 anos sob a perspectiva do pagador público e da sociedade. Todos os custos foram expressos em BRL2016. Resultados: Em 10 anos, as estratégias de vacinação R9&10-16 e R9&10-25 preveniriam 9 milhões e 15 milhões de casos de dengue, respectivamente, evitando 269,906 (95% CI: 410,097-154,653) e 434,334 (95% CI: 547,052-304,799) anos de vida ajustados por incapacidade. Isso resultaria em uma economia de até BRL7,4 bilhões (US$2,1 bilhões) sob a perspectiva da sociedade com o maior programa de vacinação. O limiar de preço custo-efetivo por dose para as estratégias R9&10-16 e R9&10-25 seria BRL187,5 (95% CI: 109-276) (US$52,1) e BRL183,6 (95% CI: 129-230) (US$51,0), respectivamente, sob a perspectiva do público pagador, e BRL221,5 (95% CI: 129-326) (US$61,5) e BRL216,8 (95% CI: 153-271) (US...

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“…Epidemic patterns occur every 3 to 5 years. Nishikawa et al (2016) perform a literature review on the impact of dengue on tourism expenditure in Brazil in 2013. According to their scenario, a 4% decrease in tourism in Brazil (due to dengue) would cause a US$132.3 million reduction in expenditure from international tourism and US$1.4 billion from local tourism.…”

Section: Dengue Fever or Yellow Fevermentioning

confidence: 99%

Hedging Feasibility Perspectives against the COVID-19 for the International Tourism Sector

Menegaki¹

2020

Preprint

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Nowadays tourism is growing as a gigantic, global business accounting for 10.4 % of Global GDP and 10% of global employment (Joppe, 2020). This review paper aims to explore the risks borne for tourism sector by the outbreak of corona-virus in 2020. Tourism sector is a highly vulnerable sector and the costs that will be borne from corona-virus pandemic will be devastating, particularly for the countries relying on this sector as a basic source of income. The paper suggests possible solutions and adaptation routes, while at the same time reviews lessons of the past from other pandemics and crisis. This paper is very useful for tourism policy makers and governments in countries where tourism contributes a significant part of their GDP, but also for other economic sectors closely but indirectly connected in the tourism value chain.

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Economic Impact of Dengue in Tourism in Brazil

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

The macroeconomic impact of a dengue outbreak: Case studies from Thailand and Brazil

The macroeconomic impact of a dengue outbreak: Case studies from Thailand and Brazil

Cost-effectiveness of dengue vaccination in Brazil

Hedging Feasibility Perspectives against the COVID-19 for the International Tourism Sector

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